In this review, the influence of social and work roles are incorporated into a model of retirement adjustment, along with two psychological moderators that may aid the retirement transition. These psychological resources, locus of control and retirement self-efficacy, are those behavioral predispositions that would lead one to engage in proactive strategies for mastering the role changes inherent in the retirement transition. The implications of social and work-related role changes and psychological resources for retirement planning and adjustment are discussed.

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Attention is often focused on the economic and legal aspects of affirmative action rather than the policy's impact on its beneficiaries. The purpose of this article is to integrate the research findings on the effects of preferential treatment on women in organizations and to suggest solutions for some of the problems identified. First, the article explores the impact of preferential treatment on other people's perceptions of the female beneficiary and on the way the beneficiary views herself and the employing organization. Next, strategies for providing a supportive organizational environment for affirmative action beneficiaries are presented. The benefits that may result from implementing these strategies are also discussed.