Women make up a larger percentage of probation and parole populations because they are more likely to commit property and drug crimes and have a less extensive criminal history. Notably, though, reflecting the trends under mass incarceration and the punitive turn, more women are now under the supervision of community corrections programming. Scholars and practitioners highlight a variety of shortcomings with these forms of surveillance and supervision including androcentric programming as well as the structural challenges women experience in meeting the technical conditions set forth in their supervision agreements.
There is a lack of in-depth, qualitative research into college hazing, particularly into groups such as sport club teams, creating gaps in understanding why hazing persists despite its risks. This project seeks to answer the questions: How do students in fraternities, sororities, and sport club teams experience hazing and how do these experiences shape how they perceive hazing? To answer these questions, I conducted semi-structured interviews with members of these groups on a college campus, and analyzed these interviews using a grounded theory approach, as per Charmaz (2006, 2017). I find that a slight majority of hazing occurs in recruitment settings, is prevalent among fraternity men’s experiences, and tends to involve alcohol consumption. Importantly, students believe hazing achieves group goals, and they minimize and normalize their experiences, creating much work for policymakers and university officials to change the conversation around prosocial group behavior and the potential harms that can emerge from hazing activities.
Women represent a small proportion of the total inmate population in the United States; however, this population has experienced a dramatic increase over the past four decades leading to many negative consequences related to the imprisoned women themselves, their children, and their families. Women are predominantly the caregivers of their children before incarceration, meaning that the imprisonment of a mother usually is more disruptive to a child than the imprisonment of a father. It is necessary to consider these outcomes when developing correctional programming, particularly those that aim to maintain bonds between incarcerated mothers and their children, as they have the potential to mitigate psychological and behavioral issues for incarcerated women and their children, contribute to successful familial reunification, and reduce recidivism rates for women once they are released.
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