Glomerular lesions have been recognized in a number of malignant diseases. Membranous nephropathy is the most common glomerular pathology associated with solid tumors. In Hodgkin's disease, the most common lesion is minimal change disease, reflecting possibly an anomaly of T-cell function. On the other hand, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a large proportion of glomerular lesions fall into the category of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Membranous nephropathy is also the most common glomerular disease seen following stem cell transplantation, suggesting a possible immune-mediated mechanism. Chemotherapy agents such as interferon, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and bisphosphonates have also been associated with various glomerular diseases and thrombotic microangiopathy. Failure to recognize certain paraneoplastic glomerular diseases can lead to potentially unnecessary therapies. This review describes the association of glomerular diseases with solid tumors, hematological malignancies, stem cell transplantation, and chemotherapeutic agents. We also describe the pitfalls in diagnosis and the dilemma in treating these entities.

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).Pancreas transplantation allows for a euglycemic state in the absence of exogenous insulin. Exocrine pancreatic drainage can be achieved via the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts. Arterio-enteric fistulas constitute an infrequently encountered but potentially fatal complication associated with failed enteric-drained pancreas transplants. Case ReportOur patient is a 58-year-old woman who is presented with hematemesis. Work up inclusive of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, and capsule endoscopy did not identify any site of hemorrhage. After a 48-hour observation period with no further bleeding, the patient was discharged home. Twenty days later, she was presented to an outside hospital with a severe recurrent gastrointestinal bleed, prompting an emergent transfer to our institution for further diagnosis and treatment.Her past medical and surgical histories were significant for type 1 diabetes mellitus and renal failure, for which she had undergone an isolated living donor-related kidney transplant 5 years before presentation. She underwent a cadaveric pancreas after kidney transplant, 2 years later. The methods of pancreas transplantation utilized were enteric exocrine drainage and systemic venous drainage. The pancreatic allograft functioned well initially, and the patient maintained euglycemia for 2 years. At that point, 1 year before presentation, the pancreatic allograft had failed because of chronic rejection. Her kidney allograft was still functioning normally. Her immunosuppressive regimen consisted of the following: mycophenolate mofetil 250 mg oral, twice a day; tacrolimus 3 mg oral, twice a day; and prednisone 5 mg oral, once a day.The patient was admitted to our intensive care unit and transfused 6 units of packed red blood cells and 2 units of fresh-frozen plasma with an adequate hemodynamic response. A bedside EGD showed large amounts of blood in the stomach and duodenum with no apparent source. On the basis of these findings, it was decided to proceed with an emergency angiogram to identify the source of bleeding and control it, possibly by endovascular approach. While in the radiology department, as the procedure was about to be Keywords ► arterio-enteric fistula ► enteric-drained pancreas transplant ► gastrointestinal bleeding ► endovascular stenting ► allograft pancreatectomy AbstractEnteric drainage is the preferred method of exocrine diversion in simultaneous kidneypancreas transplantation. Because of improvements in immunosuppression, enteric drainage has become the preferred method of pancreas transplantation in general.Although associated with less potential complications than bladder-drained pancreas, potentially lethal arterio-enteric fistulas in the setting of nonfunctioning allografts represent a constant threat. We herein present a case report, a review of the literature, and a call for caution.