The disposal of waste muds and cuttings has become increasingly difficult for operators world-wide. Disposal tasks are complicated by the great variety of operating environments as well as the multitude of local, state and national regulations governing any waste disposal. This paper describes the successful disposal method used by ARCO Alaska, Inc. (AAI), on two exploratory wells drilled on the North Slope of Alaska in early 1988. The disposal method, below-grade freezeback, involves burying waste muds and cuttings in the permanently frozen ground known as permafrost. When buried, the waste freezes, becoming part of the permafrost. When buried, the waste freezes, becoming part of the permafrost. This disposal method utilizes the ability of the natural permafrost. This disposal method utilizes the ability of the natural Arctic environment to isolate and permanently contain the waste muds and cuttings. Introduction In early 1988, AAI, as operator, drilled two exploratory wells on the North Slope of Alaska. These wells, Pipeline State #1 and Point McIntyre #3 (Fig. 1), were the first exploration wells permitted under newly promulgated Solid Waste Management Regulations (SWMR) of the Alaska promulgated Solid Waste Management Regulations (SWMR) of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC). The permitted disposal method was below-grade freezeback. In this method, wastes were buried in excavated pits in the permafrost so they would freeze, becoming part of the permafrost. permafrost. The permafrost has formed due to the sub-freezing temperatures that dominate the Arctic climate. Near the Beaufort Sea coast, the ground is permanently frozen to about 2,000 ft. (656 m). During the short Arctic permanently frozen to about 2,000 ft. (656 m). During the short Arctic summer, only the top 2 ft (0.6 m) will thaw. If freezable wastes are buried below this seasonal thaw zone, they will remain frozen. In the permitting process an analysis of the thermal conditions at each site was permitting process an analysis of the thermal conditions at each site was performed. Verification of the actual thermal performance of each site was performed. Verification of the actual thermal performance of each site was a permit requirement and has been performed using vertical thermistor arrays. The two wells were drilled between February and April 1988. The disposal pits were closed out in late April 1988, and the thermistors were pits were closed out in late April 1988, and the thermistors were installed. Since pit closure, both sites have been visited several times and ground temperature readings have been obtained. The following discussion addresses the heat transfer regime, permit requirements, site preparation and pit closures. Results of post-closure thermal monitoring preparation and pit closures. Results of post-closure thermal monitoring are also presented. PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING The North Slope of Alaska, described by many authors, is that area of Alaska bounded by the Beaufort Sea on the north and the Brooks Range foothills on the south. The Slope is characterized by little, if any, relief. The surface elevation increases inland, with increases of 10 ft/mi (2 m/km) being common. At the foothills, elevations up to 600 ft (183 m) are typical. P. 273

The ocean's organisms continue to deliver a chemical biodiversity that contributes to both the global preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines. Thus, in November 2018, the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline consisted of seven marine‐derived drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA): for cancer, cytarabine (Cytosar‐U®, Depocyt®, FDA‐approved 1969); for Herpes Simplex Virus, vidarabine (Vira‐A®, FDA‐approved 1976); for pain, ziconotide (Prialt®, FDA‐approved 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega‐3‐acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA‐approved 2004); for cancer, eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA‐approved 2010), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA‐approved 2011), and trabectedin (Yondelis®, FDA‐approved 2015). The website www.clinicaltrials.gov was searched to determine marine‐derived pharmaceuticals that were in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III of clinical development in November 2018. Confirmation of our findings in the www.clinicaltrials.gov website was conducted by visiting the websites of all pharmaceutical companies supporting the development of compounds currently in Phase I, Phase II and Phase III of clinical development. Our clinical research determined that there were 25 marine‐derived compounds in active clinical trials in November 2018: 6 marine‐derived compounds were in Phase III, 10 compounds in Phase II, and at least 9 compounds in Phase I, many of them auristatin‐containing antibody drug conjugates or ADCs. Regular updates on the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline will be posted on the dedicated website: http://marinepharmacology.midwestern.edu/clinical_pipeline.html. Furthermore, it is important to note that the global preclinical marine pharmacology pipeline continues to generate considerable data on multiple pharmacological classes, as highlighted in a recent review: A. M. S. Mayer, A. D. Rodríguez, O. Taglialatela‐Scafati and N. Fusetani. Marine Pharmacology in 2012–2013: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Marine Drugs 15 (9): 273, 2017. We thus conclude that in November 2018, both the marine pharmacology preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical pipelines continued to remain very active.Support or Funding InformationSupport by the College of Pharmacy, Vicki Sears, Pharmacology Department, College of Graduate Studies and Elizabeth Tallman, Information Technology Services, Midwestern University are gratefully acknowledged.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Normal waste fluids disposal in North Slope, Alaska oilfields includes large-scale underground injection through well annuli. This cost-effective disposal method has produced ~~vere erosion in some production casings.

Management of uncontrolled diabetic (DM) patients has always been a challenge across healthcare settings, but recently we noticed a surge in the number of uncontrolled DM patient in our clinic patients’ population during the COVID19 pandemic. This in part a combination of disruptions to care, delayed or inaccessible care, and poor diet and physical activity. To address this issue, we formed a multidisciplinary Diabetes Initiative Team consisting of attending physicians, residents, clinical pharmacist, nurse manager, care manager, and coordinator, along with supportive staffs in our Internal Medicine Residency clinic. Our aim was to reengage diabetic patients in the outpatient setting and to overcome barriers limiting diabetic care.

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