Particle attrition can be detrimental to fluidized bed applications. The jet cup test is commonly used to assess the relative tendency to attrit, but gaps in the understanding stymie quantitative links between the lab-scale jet cup test and commercial-scale operation. In this study, high-speed video imaging was performed to understand better the particle hydrodynamics and kinetic energy distribution of Geldart Groups A and B particles in a conical jet cup, since particle–particle and particle–wall interactions are positively correlated with attrition rate. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was used to measure the particle velocity and change in the particle velocity due to collisions. The results of these measurements were also compared with computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) simulations. A mechanistic attrition model can be developed by measuring the kinematics of particle–wall interactions and how particles are recycled back into the jet. This represents a first step to creating this understanding by demonstrating the relative contributions of particle–particle and particle–wall collisions from experiments and the use of compartment models for understanding how particles cycle through regions of high collision probability. Once this mechanistic model is in place, quantitative comparisons between jet cup results and commercial fluidized bed operations can be made.

The diagnosis, treatment and outcome of palpebral squamous cell carcinoma in a 7year-old, male, neutered domestic shorthair cat is reported, after a 2-year history of progressive ocular discharge and dermatitis. On presentation, there were multifocal ulcerations and eschars beginning just dorsal to the medial canthus, and extending along the medial canthus to just temporal of the middle of the lower eyelid. A biopsy sample was obtained and consistent with squamous cell carcinoma with mild to moderate chronic, lymphoplasmacytic and mastocytic dermatitis. The cat underwent one session of strontium-90 plesiotherapy. There were no signs of squamous cell carcinoma recurrence at the time of the last follow-up examination 4 months after strontium-90 plesiotherapy. However, alopecia and mild epiphora were still present. This patient had an excellent ocular outcome after strontium-90 plesiotherapy.

The objective of this study was to determine the complication risk and prevalence after phacoemulsification in cats with presumed congenital/inherited cataracts. Twelve client-owned cats were included in the study. This retrospective study spanned 13 yr and involved 22 eyes. The median age at the time of surgery was 15 mo (range: 4.5–168 mo of age). Recorded complications were 3 eyes developed postoperative ocular hypertension, 1 eye developed glaucoma, 7 eyes developed feline herpes virus-1 signs, and 7 eyes developed postoperative uveitis >2 wk after surgery. No eyes had developed intraocular sarcomas at the time of their last exam. All eyes remained visual at last follow-up (range: 0.5–121 mo). Success was defined as a comfortable and visual eye without intraocular neoplasia, glaucoma, a partial or complete retinal detachment, or uveitis that occurred >2 wk after surgery or persisted longer than 2 wk. Twenty-one out of 22 eyes had a successful outcome. In this study, cats with presumed congenital/juvenile cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification had an excellent outcome.

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