The
Si/graphitic carbon composites display the promising future
due to the high theoretical capacity of Si and the ultrahigh conductivity
of carbonaceous materials. However, their practical applications have
always been hindered by the complex synthesis, high cost, low production,
and low utilization with large volumetric changes. Herein, different
kinds of graphitic carbons (GCs) with different graphitization degrees
and morphologies are optimized in a catalytic graphitization route
at low temperature for large-scale preparation. Mixed with the silicon
nanoparticles as anode materials, it is found that the initial Coulombic
efficiency (ICE) is significantly enhanced along with the increasing
degree of graphitization and electronic conductivity. The presence
of fewer lattice defects also reduces the formation of SEI in the
first discharge process, resulting in high utilization. As a consequence,
the so-fabricated electrode exhibits an initial capacity of 2189 mA
h g–1 and a capacity of 1081 mA h g–1 after 200 cycles. Moreover, with the help of the negligible weight
of the covered carbon layer by chemical vapor deposition approach
on the hybrid electrode, the optimized electrode delivers a reversible
capacity of 996 mA h g–1 with improved capacity
retention of 70.9% after 500 cycles, showing the great potential in
the future.
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