This paper presents analyses of data from surveys of radio base stations in 23 countries across five continents from the year 2000 onward and includes over 173,000 individual data points. The research compared the results of the national surveys, investigated chronological trends and compared exposures by technology. The key findings from this data are that irrespective of country, the year and cellular technology, exposures to radio signals at ground level were only a small fraction of the relevant human exposure standards. Importantly, there has been no significant increase in exposure levels since the widespread introduction of 3G mobile services, which should be reassuring for policy makers and negate the need for post-installation measurements at ground level for compliance purposes. There may be areas close to antennas where compliance levels could be exceeded. Future potential work includes extending the study to additional countries, development of cumulative exposure distributions and investigating the possibility of linking exposure measurements to population statistics to assess the distribution of exposure levels relative to population percentiles.

The authors analysed almost 260 000 measurement points from surveys of radiofrequency (RF) field strengths near radio base stations in seven African countries over two time frames from 2001 to 2003 and 2006 to 2012. The results of the national surveys were compared, chronological trends investigated and potential exposures compared by technology and with frequency modulation (FM) radio. The key findings from thes data are that irrespective of country, the year and mobile technology, RF fields at a ground level were only a small fraction of the international human RF exposure recommendations. Importantly, there has been no significant increase in typical measured levels since the introduction of 3G services. The mean levels in these African countries are similar to the reported levels for countries of Asia, Europe and North America using similar mobile technologies. The median level for the FM services in South Africa was comparable to the individual but generally lower than the combined mobile services.

In this article, there is an error in the abstract, lines 5 and 6. The sentence should be ''We positively identified and accurately quantified CHDA and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, mono hydroxyisononyl ester (MHNCH) using authentic standards.''

We analyzed a database of more than 50 million data points from the national Italian fixed radiofrequency (RF) field monitoring network that was operational between June 2002 and November 2006. We applied a modified Regression on Order Statistics approach to reanalyze the database and to deal with the large proportion of entries (39.8%) below detection sensitivity of the probe systems. We found no more than an 18% variation in annual wideband levels during the 2002-2006 period. Mean value for mobile communications band was 0.047 μW/cm(2) for the period 2005-2006. Findings of this analysis are consistent with similar previous studies and we conclude that mean environmental RF levels from cellular mobile communications systems are typically less than 0.1 μW/cm(2) .