Summary 1. The effect of increasing salinity on the emergence of zooplankton eggs and the germination of aquatic plant seeds from the sediment of two wetlands was examined. Salinity was found to cause reductions in species richness and abundance of aquatic plants and zooplankton at salinities between 1000 and 5000 mg L−1. Aquatic plants also had an associated decrease in above ground biomass. 2. Individual taxa showed different responses to salinity, and four response patterns were identified: (i) increased number of organisms emerging at 1000 mg L−1; (ii) decreased number of organisms emerging above 1000 mg L−1; (iii) decreased number of organisms emerging between 300 and 1000 mg L−1; (iv) no difference in number of organisms emerging across the range of salinities. Response patterns (iii) and (iv) were common to both plants and zooplankton, whereas response patterns (i) and (ii) were only identified for zooplankton. 3. Results indicate that there is potential for the increasing salinity in Australian rivers and wetlands to decrease the species richness of aquatic communities resulting in loss of wetland biodiversity.

Qat users who continue to use this drug when it is transplanted from a traditional context may experience difficulties. Qat use can also be seen as playing a positive role in supporting the cultural identity of the Somalian community. Severe problems were rarely reported. Qat consumption should be considered when addressing health-related topics with patients from those communities in which qat use is common.

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Single crystal superalloys and casting technology offer a combination of attractive properties for advanced gas turbine engine components. The alloys are designed to produce superior properties for a challenging combination of requirements: high temperature creep-strength, fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, coating performance and retention of performance in thin-walled configurations. Application of this technology to new components has only been restricted by the competing criteria of affordability for first time introduction.The development of improved single crystal superalloys, CMSX-4 (SLS) [La+Y] and CMSX-486 provide an appealing combination of enhanced performance and production affordability for demanding, high temperature applications in advanced gas turbine engines.