An efficient and practical route for the synthesis of α-sanshools and spilanthol is described herein. Several modifications of an existing method enabled the preparation of the (2E,6Z,8E,10E)-tetraene precursor of hydroxy-α-sanshool in good yield. A highly selective Wittig reaction employing newly synthesized phosphonium salt with low deliquescence and long-term stability yielded the desired Z-form tetraene. This improved methodology was shown to be applicable to the efficient synthesis of α-sanshool and spilanthol.

Computing Environment and Technical Trends toward Future. Yukako Uchinaga and Ken-ichi Tanigami synopsis According to the progress of new technologies in computing, the diversity to use them is large. While, the new era is also coming when we need to take into further consideration the environment where computing technology is newly applied. This paper shows what is the key item to be concerned with and why it has come. As we depend upon the following technical major trends of computing in future, possible rational ways to be taken will be discussed. Improvement on productivity of personal computing. Guide for object oriented mainline. What is the true openness. Importance of advanced networking toward new era computing.