To improve the effectiveness of microsurgical techniques, we have developed a semiautonomous robotic surgical tool (called the "Smart Scalpel") as an alternative approach to the treatment of vascular lesions. The Smart Scalpel employs optical reflectance spectroscopy and computer vision to identify and selectively target blood vessels with a focused treatment laser. Since the laser beam only heats along the blood vessels, collateral damage to adjacent tissue is substantially minimized. The Smart Scalpel also employs rapid real-time feedback analysis for on-line modification of the treatment parameters, quantification of treatment efficacy and compensation for motion tremor. These capabilities allow precise control over the energy d -ieve optimal treatment result. This thesis presents the design of a prototype in , tification of system performance, and methods of image analysis. The thesis will also present results of animal testing and preliminary human studies.