We report the synthesis of aluminum complexes of pyridyl nitroxide (R pyNO −) ligands. The dimeric complexes {(-pyNO −)Al(CH 3) 2 } 2 (1) and {(-CH 3 pyNO −)Al(CH 3) 2 } 2 (2) were prepared through the 1:1 reaction between the pyridyl hydroxylamine ligand precursors R pyNOH and trimethylaluminum. Both compounds were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies. Xray structural analysis revealed that 1 and 2 are isostructural, with the dimer structure resulting from an Al 2 O 2 core. Reaction of pyNOH with two equivalents of trimethylaluminum yielded the aluminum complex (pyNO −)AlMe 2 AlMe 3 (3), which was also characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies and single-molecule X-ray diffraction. The electronic structure of the {(-pyNO −)Al(CH 3) 2 } 2 and {(-CH 3 pyNO −)Al(CH 3) 2 } 2 complexes were interrogated using UV-Vis
Fish held in experimental or aquacultural production systems often are exposed to unnatural lighting situations. In particular, fish are subjected to lighting regimens that include instantaneous changes in light intensity. These lighting patterns may induce stress in fish and distort experimental results or cause reduced growth. Despite this potential, little or no technology exists to precisely control lighting in artificial fish holding facilities. This paper presents a design for an electronic lighting‐control circuit that can produce a pattern more closely resembling natural lighting conditions by allowing gradual changes in light intensity.
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