An intervention aimed at appropriate use of imaging was associated with decreased use of bone scans and computerized tomography among men at low risk for metastases.

High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are used as consolidation in first remission (CR1) in some centres for untreated, transformed indolent B-cell lymphoma (Tr-iNHL) but the evidence base is weak. A total of 319 patients with untreated Tr-iNHL meeting prespecified transplant eligibility criteria [age <75, LVEF ≥45%, no severe lung disease, CR by positron emission tomography or computed tomography ≥3 months after at least standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone with rituximab (R-CHOP) intensity front-line chemotherapy] were retrospectively identified. Non-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformations were excluded. About 283 (89%) patients had follicular lymphoma, 30 (9%) marginal-zone lymphoma and six (2%) other subtypes. Forty-nine patients underwent HDC/ASCT in CR1, and a 1:2 propensity-score-matched cohort of 98 patients based on age, stage and high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBL-DH) was generated. After a median follow-up of 3Á7 (range 0Á1-18Á3) years, ASCT was associated with significantly superior progressionfree survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0Á51, 0Á27-0Á98; P = 0Á043] with a trend towards inferior overall survival (OS; HR 2Á36;0Á87-6Á42; P = 0Á1) due to more deaths from progressive disease (8% vs. 4%). Forty (41%) patients experienced relapse in the non-ASCT cohort-15 underwent HDC/ASCT with seven (47%) ongoing complete remission (CR); 10 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T) therapy with 6 (60%) ongoing CR; 3 allogeneic SCT with 2 (67%) ongoing CR. Although ASCT in CR1 improves initial duration of disease control in untreated Tr-iNHL, the impact on OS is less clear with effective salvage therapies in this era of CART .

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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) have an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). 1 The two subtypes of NHL most commonly seen in PLWH are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Other subtypes include primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma. Historically, prior to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated lymphomas conferred a poor prognosis, with a 10% 2-year overall