Average creativity scores for each of 20 Ss in this experiment correlated .49 with a measure of heart-rate variability monitored during an inkblot task. It was suggested that cardiac variability may be greater in the more creative Ss because they shift more from realistic to imaginal modes of thinking than do relatively less creative Ss.

A growing number of studies make useofthe dependent variable offree looking time, i.e., the time S looks at a stimulus when he can look atitfor as long as he likes (Berlyne, 1957(Berlyne, ,1958a(Berlyne, ,1958b Berlyne & Lawrence,1964; Cantor, Cantor, & Ditrichs, 1963;Christiansen, 1961;Haywood, 1961Haywood, , 1962Haywood & Hunt, 1963;Leckart& Bakan, 1965;Zamansky, 1956Zamansky, , 1958. In such studies the design may call for demonstration, practice, or familiarization pre-test series where stimuli are presented at a fixed rate by E. For example, in studies of the effect of familiarity of pictures on looking time, familiarity is induced by showing certain pictures at a fixed rate of speed prior to testing (Cantor & Cantor, 1964a, 1964bMcReynolds, 1963). A problem arises concerning the possible relationship between the time spent looking at the pre-test stimuli (determined by E) and the time spent looking at test stimuli (determined by S). It is possible that free looking time during test periods maybe significantly dependent upon presentation rates during the pre-test sertes. This study investigated the effect of different rates of pre-test stimulus presentation on the measure of free looking time. EXPERIMENT 1 MethodSubjects. The Ss were 27 males and 25 females selected from the introductory psychology course at Michigan State University.Apparatus. The stimuli consisted of92 miscellaneous photographs selected from national magazines. These were mounted on 3 in. x 5 in. unruled white cards and enclosed in clear plastic. The photographs were placed face down in a three-sided wooden box from which S could easily remove one picture at a time. A cardboard box was provided for discarding viewed pictures.The time S spent Viewing each picture was recorded semiautomatically with an Esterline-Angus event recorder. Each time S selected a photograph, E pressed Perception & Psychophysics. 1966. Vo!. 1 a button, producing a pen mark on the moving tape. Looking time was obtained by measuring the dtstance between pen marks. Neither E'S control button nor the recorder could be seen or heard by S.Proc edure. There were three parts to the experiment.In Parts I and III the procedure was identical for all Ss. In Part I the S sat at a table and looked at 16 of the 9p hotographs, one at a time. S was Instructed to look at each photograph for as long as he liked. He was told he would not be asked to remember any of the pictures or anything about them. Each S viewed a different series of 16 pictures.In Part 11 the Ss were divided into three groups. Group A (N=17) looked at 60 photographs for 3 sec. each. Group B (N = 17) viewed 3 photographs for 60 sec. each. Group C (N = 18) remained seated at the experimental table for 180 sec. but did not view any pictures. A 500 cps tone signaled S to look at the next stimulus. Thus, Group A experienced a "high" presentation rate (3 sec. /presentation), and Group B experienced a "low" presentation rate (60 sec./presentation). Group C was the control.Part III was identical to Part I except that non...

Normal adult males and females looked at a series of photographs containing either a single adult male or female. Ss viewed each picture for as long as they wished. Assuming that measures of the duration of attention would reflect Ss attraction for the opposite sex, it was hypothesized that Ss would spend relatively more time viewing photographs of the opposite sex. The results failed to support the hypothesis. Although males did not differentially attend to the stimuli, females looked significantly longer at the females than they did at the males. The results were interpreted in terms of the "overt sexual content" of the stimuli and socially conditioned attentiveness and inattentiveness. Attentional behavior has been a topic of interest to psychology since the last half of the nineteenth century. Recent research has demonstrated that the duration of visual attention depends upon stimulus, environmental, and subject variables. It has, for example, been shown that free looking time (the time S spends viewing a stimulus when he can look at it for as long as he Wishes) depends upon stimulus complexity (

Attentional behavior has been a topic of interest to psychology since the last half of the nineteenth century. Recent research has demonstrated that the duration of visual attention depends upon stimulus, environmental, and subject variables. It has, for example, been shown that free looking time (the time S spends viewing a stimulus when he can look at it for as long as he wishes) depends upon stimulus complexity (Berlyne, 1957(Berlyne, , 1958aCantor, Cantor, & Ditrichs, 1963;Leckart & Bakan, 1965), stimulus novelty (Berlyne, 1958a; Cantor & Cantor, 1964a, b;Leckart, 1966), the instructions given S (Brown & Farha, 1966), E's behavior (Martin, 1964), E controlled stimulus presentations (Leckart, Keeling, & Bakan, 1966), and degree of schizophrenic withdrawal (McReynolds, 1963).Other studies indicate that at least some individual differences in attention are due to the interaction between subject and stimulus variables. Interaction effects have, for example, been demonstrated with subject variables of "spontaneous sexual behavior" (Rosenzweig, 1942), sex (Brandt, 1945), homosexuality (Zamansky, 1956), paranoia (Zamansky, 1958), heterosexual interpersonal contact (Christiansen, 1961), and extraversion . Brandt (1945) had male and female Ss view a single visual target, containing three separate pictures of men and three separate pictures of women. The time spent looking at each picture was recorded with an eye movement camera. The results indicated that male Ss looked longer at pictures of women than at pictures of men, but that female Ss did not differentially attend to the stimuli. However, because only six pictures were used, the possibility exists that sex of the picture was confounded with one or more other stimulus variables.In a similar study, Zamansky (1956) found that overt male homosexuals showed a stronger preference for male pictures and a stronger avoidance' of female pictures than normal males. But, no conclusions were drawn about the normal males per se , although there was a tendency for these Ss to look longer at female than male pictures. This study was designed to further investigate sex differences in the duration of visual attention by presenting a large sample of male and female pictures to normal male and female Ss in a situation where they could look at the pictures one at a time. By presenting the stimuli successively, instead of simultaneously as had previously been done, the tendency to attend to one stimulus would not be confounded with the tendency to avoid a second stimulus. Assuming that normal Ss are attracted to the opposite sex, and that attending to the opposite sex is socially, if not biologically reinforced, it was expected that Ss would spend relatively more time attending to pictures of members of the opposite sex than to pictures of their own sex. METHOD SubjectsThe Ss were 25 females and 27 males selected from the introductory psychology course at Michigan state University. ApparatusThe stimuli consisted of 40 black and white photographs selected from national magazines. Ea...