Obtaining a correct intraosseous epidermal cyst diagnosis is difficult due to the extreme rarity of this cyst. Further, the clinical manifestations and radiographic findings are very similar to those of a malignancy or infection. Early histopathological analysis is required for accurate diagnosis and for avoiding unnecessary antibiotic administration and amputation.

Thigh pain after hip arthroplasty is multifactorial; uncovering its etiology is paramount for optimal treatment. This is the first case where 18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography substantially helped in diagnosing the post‐hip arthroplasty persistent thigh pain and appropriate treatment selection. This imaging modality warrants further study and more widespread application.

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