Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate factors within nine identified areas that influence why some older workers want to (or believe they can) work until age 65 years or beyond, whereas others leave the workforce earlier. MethodsThe questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study included 1792 respondents aged 55-64 years, employed in the healthcare sector in Sweden. Using logistic regression, we investigated the associations between statements within nine areas and two outcome measures: (i) whether the individual wanted to work until age 65 years or beyond and (ii) whether the individual believed they can work until age 65 years or beyond. ResultsOf the 1792 respondents, 54% stated that they "can" and 38% that they "want to" work until age 65 years or beyond. Three areas were significantly associated with both these outcomes: worker health, economic incentives, and retirement decisions by life partners or close friends. Mental and physical working environment, work pace and skills/competence were associated with the "can" outcome, whereas work as an important part of life, working time, and management attitude to older workers were associated with the "want to" outcome. ConclusionAlthough there were differences regarding the associations between six of the areas and the two outcomes (ie, "can" and "want to" go on working until age 65 years or beyond), three of the areas were important to both outcomes. Among those, it was interesting that life partner or close social environment gave higher odds ratios than for example health, physical work environment, or work satisfaction.Key terms employee; motivation; older worker; organization; retirement; work ability; work environment. In most of the industrial world, the fraction of older people is continuously increasing (1). A work session on demographic projections in Lisbon in 2010 stated that current demographic trends, characterized by low fertility and increasing longevity and leading to an ageing population, have economic and budgetary implications (2). A consequence analysis carried out by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) compared the elderly boom to the social effect arising from natural disasters (3). In the OECD countries, it is estimated that 29% of men and 34% of women will be ≥60 years in 2050, compared with 15% of men and 20% of women in 2000 (4). In the EU25 (European Union of 25 members), more than 33% of men and 38% of women are estimated to be ≥60 years in 2050, up from 18% of men and 24% of women in 2000 (4). The demographic situation is similar in most of the Western world and in the Nordic countries, as illustrated by the following predicted figures for men and women, respectively, in 2050: USA 24% and 28%; Sweden 28% and 30%; Finland 31% and 35%; Germany 34% and 39% (4).The demographic change will result in an increased old age dependency ratio when fewer in the workforce have to provide for more elderly people. For the EU27, the old age dependency ratio is expected to rise from 25% in 2008 to 38% in 2030. In ...

2 Conceptualization of ageing in relation to factors of importance for extending working life -a reviewAim: The aim of this study was to explore and understand the complexity of ageing in relation to factors of importance for extending working life. Method: Discourse analysis of documents was used in an integrative review including 128 articles. Result: Four different conceptualization of ageing are shown affect older workers' ability to extend their working life: i) Biological ageing people's health in relation to their physical and mental work environment, their pace of work and recuperation needs; ii) chronological ageing statutory retirement age and policies and economic incentives devised for older workers by society, union and organisations/enterprises; iii) social ageing inclusion in different social groups, the attitude of managers, organisations and family members, the leisure activities and surrounding environment; and iv) mental/cognitive ageing self-crediting, motivating and meaningful activities, competence and skills in working life. Conclusion: Societies today focus mostly on chronological ageing and are looking to increase the retirement age with regard to statutory pension systems, e.g. beyond 65 years of age. The inter-relationships between chronological, mental, biological and social ageing and the nine areas identified as being important to older workers in these respects need to be considered when aiming to provide a sustainable working life for the increasing numbers of older workers in modern society.The theoretical model developed is a contribution to the critical debate that can be applied by societies, employers and managers in order to provide older workers with an inclusive and sustainable extended working life. Keywords:Ageing, older workers, retirement, health, economic, physical and mental work environment, working hours and rest, age management, competence and skills, motivation and work satisfaction, family and leisure pursuits. IntroductionThe ageing population is an important public health area and is widely seen as one of the most significant threats to global wealth because of the potentially profound social, economic and political implications and the strains it imposes on the robustness of welfare systems [1,2]. The number of people aged 60 and above is currently 3 increasing by more than two million per year in the Western world, roughly twice the rate observed until about four years ago. Life expectancy at birth today is over 80 years in 33 countries, up from 19 countries in 2005 [3].The challenges and opportunities posed by this demographic shift are of special interest for sustainable societies and require the implementation of policies to help people stay healthy and active in ageing, as well as in working life.Societies, organisations and businesses have to understand, manage and care for ageing workers in their extended working life. The main demographic factor that distinguishes older workers from other employees is obviously their age. Previous research has mostly ...

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Introducing the ERAS protocol for abdominal hysterectomy reduced length of stay without increasing complications or readmissions.