Background: Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a glycated form of haemoglobin reflects average plasma glucose over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. HbA1c can be affected by multiple non-glycaemic parameters. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one among them which is the most common type of anaemia in India. However, reports on the effects of iron deficiency anaemia on HbA1c levels are inconsistent. Hence we conducted a study to find out the influence of iron deficiency anaemia over HbA1c levels.  Methods: 120 patients confirmed to have iron deficiency anaemia were enrolled in this study. HbA1c levels were measured at baseline and 3 months after treatment, and these values were compared with those in the control population.Results: The mean baseline HbA1c level in anaemic patients (4.62%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.45%, P<0.001). A significant increase was observed in the patients HbA1c levels at 3 months after treatment (5.82%, P<0.001). There was a significant correlation observed between haemoglobin and HbA1c level (Coefficient of correlation=0.26, P<0.01) in the study group before correction.Conclusions: In contrast to the observations of previous studies, ours showed that HbA1c levels increased with treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. This could be attributable to nutritional deficiency, racial-ethnic variations and/or certain unknown variables. Further studies are warranted.

In the history of humanity, great ancestors of Indian sub-continent used plants that possessed unique medicinal properties. They identified the plants from jungles and derived crude drugs out of them for treating infectious diseases. This treatment process was a tradition. In the recent century, this plant-based drug extraction, processing and refining began scientifically by pharmaceutical industries. In this new era, plants with medicinal features are being used in curing broad spectrum of diseases. Lannea Coromandelica (L.C.) is a medicinal plant that belongs to this category. Tribals extensively used it in treating various infectious diseases and common injuries. There have been very few studies on the leaves, barks, flowers, gums and mucilage of this tree. But no preliminary phytochemical composition of L.C. stem has been studied. Therefore, the current work focusses on the screening of the phytochemical profile of the stem of L.C. by the sequential ethanolic extract. Stems of L.C. were procured from Mettur, Tamil Nadu. Thirteen different components were qualitatively analyzed using standard procedures from 100g of L.C. stem extract. In this study, seven components were identified, and their percentage was estimated. Using GC-MS, 50 components were identified of which Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-methyl ester (1.0%) was the major component. The presence of these components in L.C. stem extract can be used in the treatment of different ailments through their antioxidant, anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon used as room freshner. Therefore, it is of interest to document the computer aided pharmacokinetic profiling and toxicity analysis data of naphthalene.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting human population since many centuries ago. To contend this disorder, effective alternative use of non-pharmacological approaches, particularly natural herbal plants, has become a subject of interest since the last decade. Aim: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Lannea coromandelica in the management of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A systematic review on randomised controlled trials will be carried out. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed. The search strategies will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, J-Gate, EMBASE, COCHRANE database and Google Scholar. The search period will be included from 1968 to December 2020. The screening process will be initiated by two authors for title and abstract followed by four authors for full-text articles. The extraction will be performed by using the following characteristics-Study design, Animal model, Intervention of interest. Conclusion: This current review will provide evidence based on the available literature either to accept or reject the hypothesis that efficacy of Lannea coromandelica herbal plant may be beneficial for controlling glucose levels in diabetic model.

Naphthalene is a bicyclic aromatic constituent commonly used in different domestic and marketable applications comprising soil fumigants, lavatory scent disks and mothballs. Accidentally, workers, children and animals are exposed to naphthalene mothballs, so there is a need to study the pathology behind this chemical toxicity. The current study was carried out to assess the ultra structural changes of basolateral amygdaloid nuclei in the Sprague Dawley rats brain in association to naphthalene toxicity. The toxicity model group was administered with naphthalene (200 and 400mg) using corn oil as a vehicle for 28 days. The post delayed toxicity of naphthalene high dose ingestion was also assessed in rats. After the experimental period, the brain tissue was processed to observe the ultra structural changes using a transmission electron microscope. The alterations in cell organelles, nuclei damage, mitochondrial swelling, chromatin condensation suggested naphthalene induced damage in the neurons of the basolateral amygdala of the brain in the toxicity model group. These experimental trials provide information about the alert of mothball usage in the home and identify risks linked with accidental exposure and misuse.