Nepal frequently suffers from various types of water induced disasters like soil erosion, landslide, debris flow, flood etc. To mitigate the problem related to Landslides & Debris flow, Landslide Hazard zonation is important to quick and safe mitigation measures and make strategic planning for the future by identifying the most vulnerable areas and channelizing most of the protective measures and techniques to a more focused area. This study was carried out in Rupa watershed area of kaski district with the main objective of identifying the landslide triggering factors and making the landslide hazard zonation map of the study area. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were entirely employed for the preparation of Landslide Hazard Zonation mapping. The main factors responsible for the occurrence of landslide was found to be slope, aspect, landcover, presence of roads and presence of river and streams. Among these factors, the presence of road factors had the prominent effect on landslide occurrence. Altogether 13 landslide events were recorded in the study area and among them most of the landslide events were seen in Rupakot Village Development Committee (VDC). The final landslide susceptibility map of the study area can help the development planners to know more about the area and disseminate their development project in accordance with the need base approach. Proper development plan, proper system of keeping the records of landslide events, broadcasting high susceptible zones for landslides, implementing appropriate conservation technology, giving instructions to the locals can help to minimize these kind of natural disasters.
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) refers to the waste generated from demolished structures in the construction industry. This waste can include concrete and brick materials. In this study, the focus is on evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of coarse aggregates derived from CDW, as well as the compressive strength of non-structural concrete made by mixing CDW aggregates with natural aggregates (NA) in different proportions. The study involved preparing different mix proportions of concrete using various combinations of CDW coarse aggregates, natural coarse aggregates, and brick aggregates. The mix proportions were categorized into three groups:100% natural coarse aggregate,CDW concrete coarse aggregate mixed with natural aggregate in three proportions: (90% NA, 10% CA), (80% NA, 20% CA), and (60% NA, 40% CA) and Mixtures of natural coarse aggregate, CDW concrete aggregate, and brick aggregate in four proportions: (90% NA, 5% CA, 5% BA), (80% NA, 10% CA, 10% BA), (60% NA, 20% CA, 20% BA), and (80% NA, 30% CA, 30% BA). The physical and mechanical properties of the different mix proportions were analyzed, and it was found that all proportions, except (80% NA, 30% CA, 30% BA), met the specified limits. In terms of compressive strength, the concrete mixture with a proportion of (90% NA, 10% CA) exhibited the highest value (27.04 MPa), while the mixture with a proportion of (60% NA, 20% CA, 20% BA) had the lowest value (17.19 MPa). The mixture with a proportion of (80% NA, 30% CA, 30% BA) did not meet the targeted strength of 15 MPa. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the test results, it can be suggested that CDW aggregates can be used as a replacement for natural aggregates up to a maximum of 40%. Additionally, a combination of CDW concrete and brick aggregates in equal proportions (20% - 20%) can be used as a replacement for natural aggregates to achieve a concrete strength of 15 MPa.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.