This research was conducted across nine constituent colleges under the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) with the aim to investigate the influence of job flexibility on the organizational commitment by using explanatory (causal) and inferential research design. From the total of 550 populations, 232 samples were drawn proportionately by using Yamane’s (1967) formula. The structured survey instrument was used to collect the primary data. The four term variables i.e., time, location, amount of work and continuity flexibility were used to measure job flexibility. Similarly, affective, continuance and normative commitment were used to measure organizational commitment. The mean value analysis and also regression analysis were used respectively to study the degree of job flexibility and organizational commitment, and the relationship between them. The amount of work flexibility has a weak but positive relationship with affective commitment (r=158, p<0.05) and continuance commitment (r=283, p<0.05). The findings revealed that respondents have a high degree of affective commitment and a moderate degree of normative and continuance commitment towards the organization. Respondents perceived that they have a moderate degree of time, amount of work and continuity flexibility and a low degree of location flexibility in the organization. It is concluded that job flexibility is not a strong determinant of organizational commitment. This may be because of the intermediating effect of job security between job flexibility and organizational commitment which needs further investigation.

Chilli is the most ubiquitous spice used in Bhutanese cuisine. Almost all dishes in Bhutan contain chillies in various forms. Bhutan produces many variants of chilli, one of which is Namgang chilli. Commonly known for being one of the hottest and tastiest variants in Bhutan, it is cultivated in Pakshikha, Bongo Gewog, Chukha. This study is aimed at identifying value chain actors of Namgang chilli, their roles, margins, and mapping out its overall value chain. The quantitative and qualitative data for this study were obtained from 29 of the 49 Namgang chilli-cultivating households in Pakshikha. Other published sources were also referred for gathering secondary data required for this study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and chain mapping was performed to identify actors and their supply linkages. Margin analysis was conducted to assess the value gained by each player in the value chain. The identified actors of the value chain were input suppliers, farmers, transporters, retailers, and consumers. Farmers, retailers, and transporters share 53.6, 28.7, and 5 percentage of the margin respectively. Some of the critical constraints and challenges faced by farmers are rising pest infestation; lack of awareness about modern tools and techniques; lack of agency support; lack of motivation and encouragement for mass commercial farming; no initiative for organizing farmers’ cooperative/group; and ack of crop protection mechanism. The findings suggest that the overall value chain of Namgang chilli is underdeveloped. Therefore, relevant agencies should intervene and encourage farmers to form groups/cooperatives for Namgang chilli cultivation. The chilli farmers could be provided with technical supports in the form of knowledge and training to improve efficiency in the production and marketing of the commodity.

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