These data on the etiology of diarrhea and antibiotic resistance patterns in Cambodia will have significant effect on local public health policies and on local resource prioritization practices.

Abstract. Rotavirus causes significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Stool samples from a previous hospital-based surveillance study to detect diarrhea etiology at the National Pediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, by Meng and others in 2011 were tested for rotavirus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting vp6 gene and characterized for G-and P-genotypes of positive samples based on vp7 and vp4 genes, respectively. Rotavirus was detected in 159/531 (30%) of children with diarrhea and none was detected in 287 nondiarrhea controls. All but three of the rotavirus-positive cases were children under the age of 2. The most common genotypes characterized by PCR and sequencing were G1P[8] (69%), G9P[8] (11%), and G2P[4] (11%). Genotype G9 was detected at a relatively high percentage that is consistent with the global trend and found to be associated with hospitalization. Data on disease burden and genotypic distribution are required information for the planning of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Cambodia.

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Goal: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was performed to help minimize health problems through data-driven self-education and prevention of disease sequelae.Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 groups: group 1 patients (n = 34), who participated in a SMBG program, and group 2 patients (n = 32), who were placed on a diabetes clinic customary protocol. Patients were followed up for 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A 1C (HbA 1C ), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol (Chol), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride were analyzed. Patients in group 1 were trained to record blood glucose results, which then were analyzed and managed using Accu-Chek Camit Pro (Roche Diagnostic) software. Results:We found statistically significant differences in FPG (P = 0.017), HbA 1C (P = 0.003), and Chol (P = 0.031) between the beginning and end of the study in group 1, but not in group 2. Conclusion:The results show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, upon intervention with SMBG, had significantly improved FPG, HbA 1C , and Chol compared with patients on conventional care, within short term when integrated with close follow-up and advice. Self-monitoring of blood glucose supports a feeling of selfresponsibility and willingness to work with the health care team. Well-trained laboratory personnel should be part of health education and knowledge management and can teach patients how to perform point-of-care testing and maintain instruments.

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