No abstract

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo revisar os principais conceitos e cenários da Leishmaniose Visceral com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento sobre seus vetores e ciclo biológico, modo de transmissão, epidemiologia, medidas de manejo ambiental e controle vetorial, evidenciando a magnitude da enfermidade, assim como a importância da educação em saúde e das medidas de controle da LV. Foram utilizadas as plataformas Google Acadêmico, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), estudos distribuídos nos bancos de dados PubMed e Periódicos Capes, além de termos livres relacionados com o objetivo, como manejo ambiental e flebotomíneo. Foram ainda consideradas as referências desses artigos, bem como publicações oficiais do governo. Conclui-se que para a prevenção e controle da transmissão da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), as medidas de vigilância epidemiológica realizadas pelos municípios necessitam de diferentes metodologias executadas de forma integrada, podendo assim contribuir de maneira mais efetiva no combate a enfermidade.

This study aimed to highlight the importance of health education for the control of VL (Visceral Leishmaniasis). They used the platforms Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library (VHL), and studies distributed in the databases PubMed and Capes Journals with the keywords: Visceral Leishmaniasis, Health Education, Public Health and Vectors, in addition to free terms related to the objective, such as environmental education and sandflies. The inclusion criteria were language (Portuguese and English) and availability (full text). The bibliographic references contained in the works found were also used in this review, as well as the official publications of the Brazilian government, such as the Manual of Surveillance and Control of visceral leishmaniasis. It is concluded that a large part of the population does not know the vector, proliferation, and methods of control of VL, for this reason, implementing educational actions of health education is essential to increase the level of knowledge through information related to the disease, and thus also reduce other diseases of similar epidemiological characteristics.

The Leishmania infantum (synonym, Leishmania chagasi) causes life-threatening infection, namely canine leishmaniosis (CanL), which is a chronic zoonosis prevalent in various countries and spread by the bite of the infected Lutzomyia female sandfly in South America. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a polymer matrix collar containing made up of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin for the prevention of canine leishmaniosis from the hyperendemic region falling under Araçatuba municipality (Brazil). The research included a total of 146 dogs chosen from 75 households.Test were initiated via physical examination; weighing and biological sample collection (blood, popliteal lymph node and conjunctival swab) of these dogs were done in March 2018 (Day 0; GA, control = 69, GB, treated = 77) to initiate laboratory tests. Postinclusion, the animals were monitored on the 120th, 240th, 360th and 480th days, respectively. The usage of collars continued between 0 and 480 days before being substituted in second (D240) and fourth (D480) follow-up visits. On the whole, 25 dogs in GA (36.2%) and three in GB (3.9%) were found positive for L. infantum infection in a minimum of one diagnostic test used in the research. Therefore, the average collar effectiveness for protection from L. infantum infection was 89.2% (p < .01). In the last followup, the average incidence density rate for GA was 30.7%, whereas for GB, it was 2.9%.The imidacloprid/flumethrin collars evaluated in the research were found to be safe and extremely efficient for the prevention of L. infantum infection through Lutzomyia species among the large population of dogs in highly prone endemic regions. This is a dependable and efficient technique aimed at reducing the occurrence and propagation of this illness among the population of canines, which would eventually reduce the human-health-related hazards. In Brazil, Lutzomyia spp. is a leading vector of the infection; thus, the collar can be used to limit infection in dogs and humans.