The pharmaceutical industry is fast pace growing field in which companies are focusing on research and development to identify new therapies and novel compounds which can provide better alternatives and which acts on new targets. For that matter, they are in need of rapid compound testing and screening. High throughput screening (HTS) is a important tool in drug discovery process which enables to screen more than millions of compound in a short period of time. It comprises of various tools which includes microtiter well plates, robotic arms and detectors. The basic application of HTS is to find ‘hits’, a compound from compound library which shows the affinity with the target molecule.

Cancer refers to a category of illnesses characterised by uncontrolled growth of new cells. The screening of an anticancer drug is a time-consuming procedure that requires several in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical investigations. Toxic dosages of screening pharmaceutical drugs in-vivo at varying concentrations need to be envisioned in order to prevent chemical poisoning in animals throughout an experiment. Cancer management has been the subject of several in-vitro and in-vivo investigations. To determine the test compound's anti-cancer efficacy, this research compiled a review of in vivo and in vitro assays. Here, the study emphasizes on the numerous preclinical approaches and processes used in anticancer research.