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Species reintroductions involve considerable uncertainty, especially in highly altered landscapes. Developing robust historical, geographic, and taxonomic analogies can help reduce this uncertainty, and integrating these analogies can enable conservationists to better assess the suitability of reintroduction sites. We illustrate this approach using the example of the California grizzly, an iconic species proposed for reintroduction despite significant knowledge gaps.

In the course of routine dissection of the upper limbs of a Caucasian male cadaver, bilateral variations were observed in the brachial plexus. In the right extremity, the lateral cord was found to be piercing the coracobrachialis muscle. The musculocutaneous nerve and lateral root of the median nerve were observed to be branching inferior to the lower attachment of coracobrachialis muscle. The left extremity exhibited passage of the median nerve through the flat tendon of the coracobrachialis muscle near its distal insertion into the medial surface of the body of the humerus. A variation in the course and branching of a nerve might lead to variant or dual innervation of a muscle and if inappropriately compressed, could result in a distal neuropathy. Identification of these variants of brachial plexus plays an especially important role in both the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology and surgical practice.

Dr Edward Wilson was a polar explorer who accompanied Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912) on his expeditions to Antarctica in 1900 and 1910. He went with Scott to the South Pole and died with him on the return journey in 1912. Although medically qualified, he is now remembered more as a naturalist and as a talented artist recording the Antarctic expeditions.