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Intraurban squatting in Western, industrialized society differs significantly from Third World squatting. As a human adaptive mechanism for coping with intensified housing stress this variant type involves the occupation, renovation, and reutilization of existing inner urban buildings. It serves a practical function in urban ecology and conservation and it is increasingly accepted by housing authorities on its economic merits. Squatting in Britain emerged a decade ago, closely paralleling similar movements in other European countries. London, where the squatter population has grown to 30,000, has become the quintessential model. Squatting has become a viable, alternative form of tenure which fills a distinctive gap in London's increasingly exclusive housing structure. Squats may be typed according to their ownership, legal status, and mode of habitation. Large squatter communities often function democratically and have enduring, stable social organization. Some squatter communities are “authorized”and eventually become legal housing cooperatives with permanent tenure status.

The current Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa is a major challenge for the worldwide medical community. On April 29th 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 26,277 infected cases; among them, 10,884 have deceased. The epidemic is still ongoing, particularly in Sierra Leone. It is now clear that northern countries will be implicated in the care of EVD patients, both in the field and back at home. Because of the severity of EVD, a fair amount of patients may require intensive care. It is highly probable that intensive care would be able to significantly reduce the mortality linked with EVD. The preparation of a modern Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to treat an EVD patient in good conditions requires time and specific equipment. The cornerstone of this preparation includes two main goals: treating the patient and protecting healthcare providers. Staff training is time consuming and must be performed far in advance of patient arrival. To be efficient, preparation should be planned at a national level with help from public authorities, as was the case in France during the summer of 2014. Due to the severity of the disease, the high risk of transmission and scarce knowledge on EVD treatment, our propositions are necessarily original and innovative. Our review includes four topics: a brief report on the actual outbreak, where to receive and hospitalize the patients, the specific organization of the ICU and finally ethical aspects.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Geographical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Geographical Review. SCATTERED along the western and southern coast of Ireland, from County Donegal to County Waterford (Fig. i), are residual Irish-speaking areas known collectively as the Gaeltacht.' Relics of a once viable and far larger cultural community, these districts now exist as "survival pockets" that preserve the distinctive language and culture of the Irish race. Little more than a century ago the Gaeltacht covered almost all of the western third of Ireland, and its population exceeded one and a half million. But disruptive incursions by the British, coupled with neglect on the part of the home government, have reduced it to a withered remnant that covers only about 6 percent of the country's territory (Fig. 2) and holds less than 3 percent of its population.No large-scale moves were made to "save the Gaeltacht" until 1956, when the government acknowledged that the community was on the verge of extinction. Thanks to a program to restore the Irish language and to foster a stronger national identity, these areas have come to be regarded as "our link with the past and the * The field research for this study was conducted in the summer of 1972 with financial assistance from the American Philosophical Society and in the summer of 1973 with a grant from the National Science Foundation. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Nollaig 0 Gadhra, Information Officer, Gaeltarra Eireann, to Denis F. McCarthy, Western Regional Manager, Irish Industrial Development Authority, Western Office, Galway, and to Professor Breandin S. MacAodha, Director of the Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, for their kind assistance in the preparation of this paper.1 The Gaelic language belongs to the Indo-European language group. It developed from Common Celtic, a tongue once used by a large prehistoric tribe that inhabited continental Europe, Ireland, England, Wales, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, and northwestern France (Brittany). Eventually Celtic split into what are now known as Breton, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, Irish Gaelic, and Scottish Gaelic. Both Cornish and Manx are now extinct. Until the tenth century the language of Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man was the same. Later, Scottish (eastern Gaelic) began to diverge from Irish (western Gaelic). The literary language of both areas remained much the same well into the seventeenth century, but the spoken tongue evolved quite differently. Today Scottish Gaelic is distinct from Irish Gaelic in both sound system and in grammar. The term "Irish," rather than "Gaelic" or "Irish Gaelic," is used almost exclusively thr...

Abstract. Over the past 15 years, Ireland has experienced a meteoric rise to prominence in mining. A decade ago output of metallic minerals was virtually non‐existent. Today, metal concentrates from Irish mines are valued at $55 million annually, or 4 percent of total national exports. Metals have assumed fourth place among individual export categories. There is no single explanation for the mining boom. Rather, it must be attributed to several interrelated factors. Most notably, these include government tax relief incentives for economic development, recent advances in mining technology, the role played by Canadian exploration companies, and the impetus created by initial ore discoveries. Mining development has impacted significantly on the country, in terms both economic and social. It has bolstered the economy, provided valuable employment, spurred regional development and helped discourage emigration in rural areas. However, owing to a dramatic reversal of national mining policy in 1974, the industry's future is now in some question.