The purpose of our article is to explore the relationship between masculinities and crime within the hip-hop (HH) and electronic dance music (EDM) nightclub scenes in Philadelphia. Given extant theory and research showing gender is a situated performance, the social context of the nightclub setting offers an important opportunity to contribute to the ever-growing masculinities and crime literature because it is an understudied setting populated by atypical offenders. Direct observation of 33 club events and interviews with 24 male clubbers yielded three important patterns: (a) Men with consistently high masculinities (hypermasculine types) reported the most frequent involvement in nightclub crime, (b) men with consistently low masculinity scores reported the least involvement, and (c) men with variable masculinity scores put on a more hypermasculine identity while clubbing, leading them to engage in nightclub crime. Contextual factors, such as excessive alcohol use, heightened sexuality, competitiveness, and commercialism, explain this more nuanced relationship between masculinity and crime.Urban nightclubs are an important and understudied location in criminological research. Victimization data for 2005 indicate that a roughly 22% of violent victimizations took place during leisure activities, including those at bars and nightclubs (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006). Recent research has found that bars and nightclubs are significantly more prone to physical assault (

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Universidad de DelawareResearch on clubbing spans numerous fields and adopts diverse approaches to the populations in question. Yet, a somewhat homogenous narrative has emerged about clubbers and substance use, one that focuses on overconsumption, risky behavior, and considerable consequence. The purpose of our study is to unpack this narrative by exploring how the substance use patterns of clubbing populations differ by individual and scene-level factors. From this, we hope to increase an understanding of how social and cultural factors impact the relationship between clubbers and substance use. We draw on direct observation of 29 club events and interviews with 51 respondents from the hip hop (HH) and electronic dance music (EDM) scenes in Philadelphia to inform our research objective. Analyses revealed two broad criteria on which a substance use-based typology of clubbers can be offered: motivations for clubbing and level and type of scene involvement. From these two dimensions, we are able to distinguish among three types of clubbers: drug sub-cultural members, commercial clubbers, and music connoisseurs. Drug sub-cultural members reported early onset of drug use and a greater frequency of current drug use at largely underground EDM club events and outside them as well. Commercial clubbers had benign histories with drugs, but they reported attending mostly commercialized HH events to get drunk and court the opposite sex. Music connoisseurs reported minimal current drug and alcohol use at exclusively underground EDM and HH club events, following from, in some cases, extensive histories with drugs and alcohol. The differences between these three groups' substance use patterns, we contend, can be attributed to the interplay between numerous social and cultural factors not previously considered. RESUMEN ABSTRACTLa investigación sobre clubes nocturnos abarca numerosos campos y adopta diversos enfoques sobre las poblaciones examinadas. Sin embargo, sólo ha emergido una narrativa un tanto homogénea sobre clubbers y uso de sustancias, aquella que se centra en el abuso, los comportamientos de riesgo y sus considerables consecuencias. El objetivo de este estudio es desarmar esta narrativa explorando cómo los patrones de uso de sustancias de las poblaciones de clubbers difieren en función de factores individuales y de nivel de escena. De esta forma, esperamos incrementar la comprensión sobre la forma en que los factores culturales y sociales tienen un impacto en las relaciones entre clubbers y consumo de sustancias. Para ello recurrimos a clubbers y consumo de sustancias. Para ello recurrimos a clubbers la observación directa de eventos en 29 clubes y, para completar nuestros objetivos de investigación, realizamos entrevistas a 51 participantes de la escena hip hop (HH) y de música electrónica de baile (MEB) de Philadelphia. El análisis reveló dos criterios amplios para proporcionar una tipología basada en el consumo de drogas de los clubbers: motivaciones para el clubbing y nivel y tipo de participación en dicha esce...

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