Following RIVP, high florfenicol concentrations were achieved in DV blood and SYNF, whereas the CV blood concentration remained low. In cattle, RIVP of florfenicol may be useful in the treatment of infectious processes involving the distal portion of limbs.

The effect of Mannheimia haemolytica infection on the penetration of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur metabolites into tissue chambers was studied in cattle after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension (CCFA-SS). Four tissue chambers were implanted subcutaneously in each of 12 calves. Approximately 45 days after implantation, two chambers were inoculated with M. haemolytica (10(6) colony-forming units per chamber) while the remaining two chambers were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, CCFA-SS was administered subcutaneously in the middle third of the caudal ear pinna of each calf. Chamber fluid and blood samples were collected at predetermined times for 10 days following dosing and analyzed for ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur metabolites in plasma and tissue chamber fluid remained above a threshold of 0.2 microg/mL for at least 8 days. Infected tissue chamber fluid concentrations of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur metabolites were significantly higher than those in non-infected tissue chamber fluid, which correlated with significantly higher total protein concentration in infected tissue chambers. These results indicate that single subcutaneous administration of CCFA-SS at 6.6 mg/kg can be expected to provide effective therapy of susceptible bacterial infections for a period of at least 1 week.

Acceptable alternatives to opening, draining, and flushing of lesions may exist for treatment of sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis. Use of tulathromycin and penicillin in this study constituted extralabel drug use, which would require extended withholding times before milk or meat of treated sheep and goats can be sold for human consumption.

Treatment of a 3-month-old male goat with obstructive urolithiasis by means of percutaneous tube cystostomy and vesicular irrigation with a chemolysis solution is described. The cystostomy tube was inserted percutaneously with ultrasonographic guidance. Patency of the urethra was reestablished with no clinical evidence of urethral stricture or recurrence of obstruction during the following 12 months. Results in this goat suggest that percutaneous tube cystostomy may be an economical alternative to surgical cystostomy tube placement. Chemical dissolution of calcium phosphate uroliths with a commercially available compound appears to be feasible in goats.

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