We administered the go-no-go paradigm to 44 boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and 32 control subjects who did not have ADD. This task requires a subject to emit a simple motor response to one cue while inhibiting the response in the presence of another cue. Commission errors suggest impulsivity, and omission errors suggest inattention. ADD subjects made more total errors than did control subjects (p less than 0.03), and more ADD subjects made multiple errors (p less than 0.001). Within the ADD group, the nonhyperactive (ADDnoH) subjects were characterized by a high number of commission errors early, and significant improvement with practice (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the hyperactive ADD subjects (ADD/H) did not differ from control subjects in number of early commission errors, but differed from both control subjects and ADDnoH subjects in their failure to improve with practice. In addition, the incidence of omission errors was highest in the ADD/H group. This paradigm can be easily incorporated into the assessment of children with suspected ADD and provides an objective measure of inattention and impulsivity. Our data provide cognitive support for the empirical distinction between hyperactive and nonhyperactive children with ADD.

This study tested a theoretical model derived from Kanter's theory of workplace empowerment by surveying a random sample of 300 registered nurses employed in acute care hospitals across the Canadian province of Ontario. The results of this study effectively replicated the findings of a previous exploratory study. Specific nursing practice environment characteristics that positively influence the climate of patient safety were identified. This study provides nurse leaders with ideas for improving the patient safety climate by improving the quality of nurses' work environments.

This study tested a theoretical model derived from Kanter's theory of workplace empowerment by surveying a random sample of 300 registered nurses employed in acute care hospitals across the Canadian province of Ontario. The results of this study effectively replicated the findings of a previous exploratory study. Specific nursing practice environment characteristics that positively influence the climate of patient safety were identified. This study provides nurse leaders with ideas for improving the patient safety climate by improving the quality of nurses' work environments.