The occurrence of tsunami damage is not limited to events causing coastal inundation. Even without flooding, maritime assets are vulnerable to significant damage from strong currents and associated drag forces. While such impacts have been observed in the past, they have not been well studied in any context. Nearshore tsunami currents are governed by nonlinear and turbulent physics and often have large spatial and temporal variability making high-fidelity modeling particularly challenging. Furthermore, measured data for the validation of numerical simulations is limited, with few quality data sets appearing after recent tsunami events. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for the interpretation of measured tsunami-induced current impacts as well as a validation approach for simulation tools. The methods and results provided here lay the foundation for much needed efforts to assess tsunami hazards in ports and harbors.

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Exposure to violence (ETV) poses a serious threat to adolescents' safety and well-being; however, some adolescents who grow up in such toxic environments are able to thrive due to a combination of internal and external characteristics. The current study examines the role of cohesion across contexts (i.e., family, school, and community) as moderating the relation between ETV and positive internal outcomes characteristic of resilient youth (i.e., ethnic identity, positive affect, and self-esteem) in a sample of low-income, urban, African American adolescents (N = 269, 60% female) from seventh grade to eighth grade. Results indicated that greater cohesion in each context was directly related to more positive outcomes. Family and neighborhood cohesion additionally served as protective enhancing factors

Adolescents of color experiencing chronic environmental stress are at an increased risk for adverse mental health concerns and problems behaviors. Concepts drawn from the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework identify internal and external assets that suggest positive outcomes for youth and promote resilience. The present study investigated the relationship between the Five Cs and Sixth C models of PYD (represented by youth competence, confidence, connection, caring, character, and contribution) and the likelihood of anxiety/depressive symptoms and behaviors in conflict with the law among urban youth of color residing in high-stress communities. Data were collected during a longitudinal cross-age peermentoring program from a sample of 151 adolescents of color (M = 16). Results indicated that, when combined, youth competence, confidence, connection, caring, character, and contribution predicted decreases in behaviors in conflict with the law over time. Internal PYD dimensions were significantly associated with decreased behaviors in conflict with the law over time, whereas external PYD dimensions were significantly associated with decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms over time. In addition, gender and levels of chronic environmental stress were found to moderate the relationship between PYD and psychosocial outcomes. The findings suggest the value of the PYD framework for understanding psychosocial outcomes for urban youth of color. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research are discussed. Impact StatementThis article seeks to advance the existing research on Positive Youth Development (PYD) by examining the relationship between PYD and mental health for adolescents of color experiencing high levels of stress. Authors found that higher levels of PYD predicted decreases in behaviors in conflict with the law over time for all youth and decreases in anxiety/depressive symptoms for cisgender females. The study suggests the value of the assets outlined by PYD framework for youth of color residing in high-stress communities.

The current study examined the extent of gun exposure, referring to the mere presence of guns in youth's lives, in a sample of Black American adolescents residing in low-income urban neighborhoods. The relationship of gun exposure to internalizing and externalizing outcomes was also explored. Method: Data were collected from a sample of 185 Black American eighthgrade students (M = 13.58 years old, 59% female). Results: Just under half of the youth reported some type of gun exposure with youth most often exposed to guns outside of the home. Overall gun exposure was related to externalizing but not internalizing symptoms, while knowing someone who owns a gun was related to both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. However, the majority of youth reported exposure to guns in a safe manner (stored locked and unloaded). Conclusions: In addition to gun violence and gun carrying, general gun exposure is a factor that should be accounted for when attempting to address consequences associated with guns.