This study uses architectural and activity area analyses to examine the Classic-Postclassic transition and the resulting Postclassic-Early Historic (A. D. 1000–1697) Maya society in the Petén Lakes region of Guatemala. The research combines a detailed temporal comparison of architectural styles and an analysis of changing architecture as the restructuring of everyday social action. The methods have significance beyond Maya studies in addressing questions of cultural continuity or in-migration. Archaeological data from recent excavations, including new radiocarbon dates, document the intensive settlement of the Quexil Islands in the Terminal Classic period (A. D. 800–1000) and its occupation thereafter. Architectural evidence from the Quexil Islands and other Petén Lakes sites indicates a mosaic pattern of change, reflecting to varying extents Classic-Postclassic continuity and external contacts, with differences among sites rather than the complete replacement of populations. Evidence of the later incorporation of this small village, known ethnohistorically as “Eckixil,” in the Late Postclassic-Early Historic Itza polity, demonstrates a strong linkage with the political core, illustrating the political complexity of this hinterland region.

Recent studies of post-collapse regeneration of early state societies have explained the renewed growth of social complexity using the concepts of template regeneration and stimulus regeneration. While such terms are useful generalized concepts, the discussion around them in practice inhibits an understanding of the various social processes implicated in the renewed growth of states, particularly due to the primary focus on elite urban populations. Rather than emphasizing types of regeneration, my approach analyzes how agents transformed rural communities during collapse and subsequent restructuring. Utilizing a case study from the Petén Lakes region, Guatemala, the article makes the point that rural commoners must be considered active to adequately characterize regeneration. An examination of the base of society focuses on intentional choices made to change settlement patterns, architecture and stone tool procurement and usage in order to better understand heterogeneity in the Classic-Postclassic transformation of Maya society (AD 750-1200).

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