Urgent development of effective and low-cost disinfecting technologies is needed to address the problems caused by an outbreak of harmful microorganisms. In this work, we report an effective photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli K-12 by using a AgBr-Ag-Bi(2)WO(6) nanojunction system as a catalyst under visible light (lambda >or= 400 nm) irradiation. The visible-light-driven (VLD) AgBr-Ag-Bi(2)WO(6) nanojunction could completely inactivate 5 x 10(7) cfu mL(-1) E. coli K-12 within 15 min, which was superior to other VLD photocatalysts such as Bi(2)WO(6) superstructure, Ag-Bi(2)WO(6) and AgBr-Ag-TiO(2) composite. Moreover, the photochemical mechanism of bactericidal action for the AgBr-Ag-Bi(2)WO(6) nanojunction was investigated by using different scavengers. It was found that the diffusing hydroxyl radicals generated both by the oxidative pathway and the reductive pathway play an important role in the photocatalytic disinfection. Moreover, direct contact between the AgBr-Ag-Bi(2)WO(6) nanojunction and bacterial cells was not necessary for the photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli K-12. Finally, the photocatalytic destruction of the bacterial cells was directly observed by TEM images and further confirmed by the determination of potassium ion (K(+)) leakage from the killed bacteria. This work provides a potential effective VLD photocatalyst to disinfect the bacterial cells, even to destruct the biofilm that can provide shelter and substratum for microorganisms and resist to disinfection.

a b s t r a c tAgBr was creatively immobilized on a magnetic substrate (SiO 2 -coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle, SFN) to achieve magnetic separation after visible light-driven photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). The resulted Ag/ AgBr/SFN was characterized by TEM, vibrating sample magnetometer and other techniques. It is found that the average diameter of the Ag/AgBr/SFN particle is less than 20 nm. The typical superparamagnetic behavior of Ag/AgBr/SFN implies that the catalyst can be magnetically separated. The physicochemical features of the used Ag/AgBr/SFN after visible light irradiation were not dramatically changed by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and Fourier transform-infrared analysis. SiO 2 interlayer was proven to slightly increase the degradation efficiency for an azo dye Acid Orange 7. UV-Vis spectra and HPLC analysis indicated that the dye was oxidized and decomposed. The photoactivity of Ag/AgBr/ SFN was partly maintained after successive PCO under visible light. In order to evaluate the roles of e À -h + pairs and reactive oxygen species, the quenching effect was examined by employing Ag/AgBr/ SFN and commercial TiO 2 (P-25) under visible light (k > 400 nm) and UV-A irradiation, respectively. Active h + and the resulting Å OH played the major roles for degradation. The effect of active h + and Å OH were proven to be highly dependent on the concentration of photocatalysts. The effect of Å OH was more obvious for P-25, while that of active h + was more predominant for Ag/AgBr/SFN.

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