The Althea Officinalis (AO) extract is well known as a traditional herbal drug for its wound healing ability owing to the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, its mucilaginous properties provide moisturizing and nutritional effects on skin cell proliferation. Therefore, AO extract can be applied in the temporary skin substitute for the ability to expedite the therapy duration. In this study, different concentrations of AO extract (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %) were incorporated into the nanofibrous scaffolds to study their potential for the skin tissue repairing. The desired scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning the blend of poly (ε-caprolactone) and gelatin as a synthesized and natural polymer. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, tensile, AO extract release, and cellular culture tests. This study proposed incorporating the AO extract into the nanofibrous scaffolds for accelerating the skin tissue repairing and the optimized amount of AO extract as about 15% was introduced for offering the most desirable electrospun scaffolds for this application.

Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is produced from oxidation of ethylene and acetic acid on a Pd-Au/SiO 2 catalyst in the gaseous phase. A progressive loss in activity occurs during the lifetime of a commercial Pd-Au/SiO 2 VAM synthesis catalyst; thus, the efficiency of the reaction decreases and the process is no longer operational and economically feasible. In this study, the effective parameters on Pd-Au/SiO 2 catalyst deactivation were investigated using a fixed-bed reactor pilot, and a model was proposed to predict the reduction in catalyst activity. The proposed model's output was compared with experimental data and an acceptable agreement was observed. The error was < 10 %.