Teakwood from fast-growth plantations is commercialized at increasingly younger ages for economic reasons. However, wood features are influenced by the age of the tree. This study examined how age affects heartwood proportion, color parameters, chemical composition, and natural teakwood durability. Trees with 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of fast-growth at commercial plantations located in Mato Grosso, Brazil were evaluated. The base diameter of the trees ranged from 13.1 (5 years) to 28.3 cm (20 years), and the heartwood percentage increased from 16.3 to 60.0%, respectively. The color parameters in the CIELab system indicated that wood became darker and more saturated, and the predominance of yellow color decreased compared with red as age advanced. The total extractive content ranged between 7.4 (5 years) and 9.6% (15 years), without a clear trend of age affecting the extractive content. The extractives from five-year-old wood were mainly composed of tectoquinone (43.3%), phthalic acid (19.1%), and 1,3-indandione (9.2%), while those from 20-year-old wood were mainly composed of tectoquinone (60.7%), lapachol (13.8%), and phthalic acid (9.7%). Teakwood can be classified as resistant (5 years) to very resistant (20 years) after being submitted to an accelerated decay test.
A madeira na construção civil apresenta restrições quanto ao seu uso externo devido às ações do intemperismo natural, que podem representar um risco real pois modificam as características desse material. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a deterioração da superfície das madeiras de Trattinnickia rhoifolia (Amescla), Parkia pendula (Angelim), Erisma uncinatum (Cedro), Apuleia leiocarpa (Garapeira) e Mezilaurus itauba (Itaúba) expostas ao intemperismo natural. Para tanto, amostras de madeira foram expostas às intempéries em uma plataforma metálica, sem contato com o solo, durante 360 dias. A cada 60 dias realizou-se a caracterização da superfície das madeiras por meio da colorimetria (L*, a*, b*, C*, h e ∆E), rugosidade (Ra, Rz e Rt) e dureza Rockwell. A exposição ao intemperismo natural tornou a superfície das madeiras mais escurecidas (coloração acinzentada), resultante da redução dos parâmetros colorimétricos L*, a* e b*. A madeira de E. uncinatum apresentou os menores valores de variação total da cor (∆E). Além da descoloração, as madeiras intemperizadas tornaram-se mais rugosas e com menor dureza Rockwell, devido à formação de fissuras superficiais. As madeiras de A. leiocarpa e M. itauba apresentaram maior estabilidade da rugosidade e da dureza Rockwell durante o período de exposição às intempéries.
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