The production of bio-ethanol from Rice Straw (Oryza sativa) was carried out using rice straw as a feedstock and a combination of Yeast Extracts Peptone Dextrose (YEPD)at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v) and 1%(w/v) concentrations and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) at 0.5% (w/v), 1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v) and 2.5%(w/v) concentrations as cells for fermentation. The study determined the most suitable pre-treatment method from the following pretreatment methods; 1M NaOH and heating. IM NaOH pre-treatment gave the highest cellulose and lowest lignin content. The effects of substrate concentration values of 1g/l, 2g/l, 4g/l, 6g/l and 8g/l; with particle size of 300μm and cell loading combination of YEPD at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v), 1%(w/v) concentrations and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) at 0.5% (w/v), 1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v), 2.5%(w/v) on the fermentation process were investigated to obtain optimum conditions of fermentation. The optimum conditions of fermentation were obtained at temperature of 330C, pH value of 4.0, substrate concentration of 4g/l, particle size 300μm and YEPD to yeast ratio of 0.8/1.5 after 72 hours of fermentation time. Also substrate concentration of 4g/l, gave highest bioethanol yield of 49.50%. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.36

The influence of various factors namely pH, absorbent dosage; contact time and initial ion concentration was studied to identify the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The optimum pH was obtained at pH =3 for all the adsorbent. Other physiochemical parameters, ranging from the surface area to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were studied and indicate that the cocos nucifera husk is a good precursor for investigation on activated biomass for hardzadous cyanide wastewater. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Henry and T. D. Yavini et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017, 9(1), 354-377 355Equibrium data were best described by Henry model. Kinetic models were also carried out including pseudo first order with R 2 = 0.969, Pseudo-second order R 2 = 0.998, Intra-particle diffusion R 2 = 0.909, and Elovich Kinetic model with R 2 of 0.814, the kinetic data were best described and seen by Pseudo second order model. It is then proven that the study of the entire adsorbent are most efficient for the removal of cyanide from waste waters and it can be used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of cyanide ions from wastewater.