Two new helvolic acid analogues (1 and 2) and one new fumagillin derivative containing an octahydroisobenzofuran moiety (3), together with four known compounds (4–7), were isolated from an Aspergillus terreus, isolated from soil collected from Mauna Kea, the highest mountain in Hawaii. Compound 4 was recorded in SciFinder with a CAS Registry Number of 1379525-35-5, but it was not documented in the cited reference (ACS Chem. Biol. 2012, 7, 137). The structures of compounds 1–4 were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and HRMS and ECD analysis. Compounds 5 and 6 showed significant inhibitory activity against NF-κB with IC50 values of 2.7 ± 2.6 and 6.5 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were active against S. aureus with MICs of 6.25 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively, while compound 5 inhibited E. coli with an MIC of 3.12 μg/mL.

Five new tyrosine derivatives (1−5), one new phenylacetic acid derivative (6), two new quinazolinone analogues (7 and 8), one new naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (9), and one new 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin derivative (10), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the fungus Xylaria sp. FM1005, which was isolated from Sinularia densa (leather coral) collected in the offshore region of the Big Island, Hawaii. The structures of compounds 1−10 were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and ECD data. Due to their structure similarity to the antiplatelet drug tirofiban, compounds 1−5 together with 6 were investigated for their antithrombotic activities. Compounds 1 and 2 strongly inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to purified integrin IIIb/IIa in a dose-dependent manner with the IC 50 values of 0.89 and 0.61 μM, respectively, and compounds 1 and 2 did not show any cytotoxicity against A2780 and HEK 293 at 40 μM.

Five new lumazine peptides (1–5), a new aspochalasin derivative (6), and a new γ-butyrolactone derivative (7), together with seven known compounds (8–14), were isolated from a Hawaiian fungal strain, Aspergillus flavipes FS888. Compound 1 is an uncommon natural product containing an isocyano group. The structures of the new compounds 1–7 were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, chemical derivatization, and ECD analysis. Compounds 12–14 showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus when in combination with disulfiram. Additionally, compounds 9 and 13 showed NF-κB inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.1 ± 1.0 and 10.3 ± 2.0 μM, respectively.

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Two new sorbicillinoid derivatives (1 and 2), together with ten other related compounds (3−12) were isolated from a Hawaiian marine fungal strain Trichoderma sp. FM652. The structures of compounds 1 and 2, including the absolute configuration, were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds 6−12 exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity against ovarian cancer cell line A2780, with the IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 8.07 μM.Moreover, compounds 1, 7 and 8 showed significant inhibition against NF-κB with IC50 values of 13.83, 24.4 and 14.63 µM, respectively. Compounds 6, 9 and 12 also demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus with the MIC values in the range of 10−40 μg/mL.