Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt (31 o 05 ' N latitude and 30 o 56' E longitude) during 2009/2010&2010/2011 winter seasons to investigate the response of some wheat varieties to different N levels. Split plot design with four replicates was applied, the main plots were assigned to four wheat varieties, Gimiza 9, Giza 168, Sakha 61 and Sakha 93. The subplots were assigned to four nitrogen levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/fed. (fed. = 0.42 ha.). The obtained results can be summarized as follows: 1-Wheat varieties significantly differed in grain, straw and biological yields, as well as harvest index, N%, N uptake and protein content in the two seasons. 2-Gimiza 9 variety had the highest mean value of grain, straw and biological yields, and N uptake and protein content of grain and straw. 3-The grain, straw, biological yields, N uptake and protein content were significantly increased by increasing N levels. 4-The interaction between wheat varieties and N levels showed that Gimiza 9 variety had the highest value of grain yield (2822.0 kg/fed) followed by, Giza 168 (2681.0 kg/fed.), Sakha 93 (2552.0 kg/fed.),and Sakha 61 (2475.0 kg/fed.), with N90 level. 5-The highest N uptake and protein content of grain and straw were obtained by Gimiza 9 with N90 level and the lowest value by Sakha 93 under N0 level. 6-Gimiza 9 had the highest net return value of 8663.75 L.E./fed. followed by Giza 168

The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm and the in 2014/2015 season. The objectives of this investigation were to study salinity effect on different nine bread wheat cultivars, to identify salt tolerance in several growth stages, and to identify salt tolerance screening criteria by studying the relationship between wheat yield under salt affected soil and several growth stages characters. Three experiments were conducted in 2014/2015, i.e., seedling test in the lab (open area), adult plant evaluation in pots in open area and field experiment in normal soil and salt affected soil. Salinization in seedling and pots experiments was established using five levels of Mediterranean Sea water to tap water mixtur (0, 26, 29, 31,33and 35% sea water) which established EC 0.48, 13.5, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0 and 18.0 dSm -1 , respectively. The nine cultivars Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza 139, Giza 144, Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 3, Hindi 62, Sids1 and Sids 12 were used. Results indicated that increasing salt concentrations caused significant decrease in shoot dry weight, shoot length, root dry weight, root length and emergence index at seedling stage; plant height, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, number of kernels per spike and kernel weight at adult plant stage; however, shoot root dry weight ratio at seedling stage was increased. The variances due to salt treatments had the major portion of total variance, indicated the large effect of salt stress on growth characters compared to genotypes and genotypes × salt concentration interaction's variances. The treatment 33% sea water mix (17dSm -1 ) seems to be suitable for screening the studied cultivars for salt tolerance. The large variance among the nine cultivars for shoot length, emergence index and shoot-root dry weight ratio under salt stress indicated the importance of these characters in studying the effect of salt stress at seedling stage. Strong and positive correlations were found between biological yield (under salt affected soil) and each of emergence index and shoot length at seedling stage; number of spike per pots, biological and straw yields per pot at adult-plant stage. Based on stress tolerance index, out of the nine studied cultivars, Misr 2 can be classified as salt tolerant cultivar and Gemmeiza 3 and Sids 12 as salt sensitive cultivars. Kewords: Bread wheat, Salinity stress, seedling and adult-plant salt tolerance.

This investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, during wheat growing seasons from 2009 to 2011. The objectives were to study the inheritance of adult plant resistance to stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici [Pst] in the two Egyptian bread wheat cultivars Giza160 and Giza168 and identification of the most effective Yr genes under study. Two Egyptian wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) i.e., Giza168 (resistant) and Giza160 (susceptible) to strip rust were crossed to four monogenic lines (Yr's) i.e., Kalyansona, Lee, Compair, and Jupateco R, which having strip rust resistance Yr's gene(s); Yr2, Yr7, Yr8 and Yr18+, respectively. Yellow rust reaction of the two cultivars and monogenic lines and their F1 and F2 populations were scored under field conditions. Artificial inoculation was done using mixture of physiological races of [Pst] at adult stage. Dominance of yellow rust resistance over susceptibility was noticed in most cases (in four out of five resistant by susceptible crosses). Segregation in the F2's population showed the presence of two to three gene pairs controlling plant reaction against the [Pst]. The Yr8 gene had high effectiveness of conferring resistance against [Pst] under this investigation. Meanwhile, broad sense heritability estimates was high, thus early generation selection for stripe rust resistance could be effective for wheat improving for this character.

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is very destructive to the susceptible wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Breeding for resistance is still the most economic and desirable method for controlling the disease. The objective of this investigation was to: 1) study the nature of inheritance of leaf rust disease resistance as well as grain yield and its related characters, 2) detect leaf rust resistant genes in the studied cultivars under field condition, 3) evaluate using Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions technique (SCAR) for the leaf rust resistance gene Lr37 and 4) use SCAR as a tool for selecting and pyramiding different Lr's resistance genes in Egyptian cultivars. Combining ability effects were estimated using line × tester matting design. Four high yielding cultivars Giza 168, Sakha 93, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 as females ( lines) and four leaf rust monogenic lines. i.e., Lr10, Lr19, Lr37 and Lr39 as males (testers). Broad sense heritability (h 2 b) was computed. The Chi-square test (χ 2 ) was used to test the significant of difference between observed and expected ratios in F2 populations for leaf rust reaction. PCR reaction for SCAR primers was applied. The study included four characters; plant height (PH), leaf rust resistance as average coefficient of infection (ACI), number of spikes per plant (S/P) and grain yield per plant (GY/P). The obtained results can be summarized as follow; Sakha 93 was the best general combiner for PH and Sakha 94 for leaf rust resistance and GY/P. The best combinations for PH were Giza 168 × Lr39, Sakha93 × Lr19 and Sakha 94 × Lr37; for leaf rust resistance were Sakha 93 × Lr37, Sakha 93 × Lr39, Sakha 94 × Lr10 and Sakha94 × Lr19 and for yield and its components were Sakha 94 × Lr37 and Gemmeiza 9 × Lr19. Giza 168, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 had one or two genes conferring resistance to leaf rust. In addition, Lr39 leaf rust resistant gene was present in Giza 168 and Sakha 94. The laboratory studies showed that, the SCAR marker has the potential of detecting Lr37 in the studied Egyptian cultivars as well as the monogenic lines. Moreover, Giza 168, line 1 and line 3 had the leaf rust resistance gene Lr37.

The new promising bread wheat cultivar Shandaweel 1 has been selected from one of the advanced lines among the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center collections ( CIMMYT )grown in wheat research department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC. Egyptat Shandaweel Research Station. The grain yield of the new cultivar Shandaweel 1 was evaluated through 99 experiments conducted at four different levels; ( 8 macro, 56 micro and 35 verification yield trials)in seasons, respectively. Results proved superiority of the new bread wheat cultivar Shandaweel 1 compared to the commercial checks cultivars Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 9 and Giza 168 for grain yield at North, South and Middle Delta and Upper Egypt regions. Moreover, the results of the verification yield trials ensure the superiority of Shandaweel 1 cultivar on the commercial wheat cultivar Giza 168 at North, Middle, South Delta and Upper Egypt. Alsothe superiority of Shandaweel 1 cultivar on the commercial wheat cultivar Giza 168 and Gemmeiza 9 at North and South Delta and the Out Valley region was observed and recorded. Thus, we can highly recommended the new cultivar Shandaweel 1to be grow at North Delta, South Delta,Middle Delta, Middle and Upper Egypt and the Out Valley regions. ‫أمدين‬ ‫ابددبمياد‬ ‫بدي,‬ ‫,إبد‬ ‫مدو,يبد‬ ‫بدديف‬ ‫يد‬ ‫مدو‬ , ‫ممدا,‬ ‫محمدد‬ ‫أحمد‬ , ‫صادق‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫إيمان‬ ‫بمدددين‬ ‫اددز‬ , ‫ف‬ ‫مشدد‬ ‫خبددف‬ ‫محمددد‬ , ‫ابدبممجيددد‬ ‫,صدديد‬ ‫دب‬ ‫و‬ ‫أبددو‬ ‫,أبددوب‬ ‫حمددادب‬ ‫د‬ ‫,أسدد‬ ‫مدال‬ ‫أحمدد‬ , ‫محجدو‬ ‫بمسديد‬ ‫ديدا,‬ , ‫دنددبو‬ ‫حمدد‬ , ‫اشدو‬ ‫حسدن‬ , ‫بمسديد‬ ‫حمن‬ ‫ابدبم‬ ‫مصطفى‬ ‫ناديد‬ , ‫وادى‬ ‫بم‬ ‫و,داض‬ , ‫موسدى‬ ‫أحمدد‬ , ‫بممنشداو‬ ‫ابدبمسدي,‬ , ‫ددامى‬ ‫بمب‬ ‫دانى‬ , ‫ددال‬ ‫جمد‬ , ‫ابدبمدددبي,‬ ‫صددبحى‬ , ‫ددويب,‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ابدبمبددع‬ , ‫قمبدد‬ ‫اددا‬ , ‫ددي‬ ‫د‬ ‫بم‬ ‫أبددو‬ ‫صددباد‬ , ‫ابدددبمنو‬ ‫سديد‬ , ‫خامدد‬ ‫ي,‬ ‫ابددبم‬ ‫محمدد‬ , ‫حماد‬ ‫يد‬ ‫س‬ , ‫حسن‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫سيي‬ , ‫سبي,‬ ‫صب‬ , ‫بو‬ ‫بمش‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دال‬ ‫مند‬ , ‫حمن‬ ‫ددبم‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫ددب‬ ‫,ماجد‬ ‫داو‬ ‫بمصد‬ ‫دزب‬ ‫اد‬ , ‫دى‬ ‫بد‬ ‫بممز‬ , ‫ددبممن‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫داد‬ ‫مد‬ , ‫دن‬ ‫حسد‬ ‫دمد‬ ‫بدبمصد‬ , ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫دجد‬ ‫دادل‬ ‫,اد‬ ‫دا‬ ‫يد‬ ‫ز‬ ‫دد‬ ‫محمد‬ , ‫دي,‬ ‫بمسد‬ ‫دد‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫دان‬ ‫ماد‬ ‫ع‬ ‫بد‬ ‫د‬ ‫مد‬ ‫ددبمفماد‬ ‫ابد‬ , ‫ال‬ ‫ددبم‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫دد‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫أمجد‬ , ‫ي,‬ ‫ابدبم‬ ‫ثناض‬ , ‫ك‬ ‫مبا‬ ‫يوسف‬ ‫محمد‬ , ‫محمود‬ ‫وخ‬ ‫شم‬ ‫محمود‬ , ‫مصطفى‬ ‫طع‬ ‫أحمد‬ ‫بم‬ ‫دى‬ ‫ز‬ ‫وميدد‬ , ‫اجدين‬ ‫ابددبمودا‬ ‫من‬ ‫مد‬ , ‫بداو‬ ‫بمز‬ ‫ددد‬ , ‫سى‬ ‫م‬ ‫محمد‬ , ‫حدا,‬ , ‫يمدانى‬ ‫دب‬ ‫صد‬ ‫بدي,‬ ‫د‬ ‫إبد‬ , ‫دان‬ ‫ناثد‬ ‫ين‬ ‫دي‬ ‫شد‬ , ‫داد‬ ‫جد‬ ‫بدي,‬ ‫د‬ ‫إبد‬ ‫دد‬ ‫خامد‬ , ‫دب‬ ‫ددم‬ ‫بمد‬ ‫دد‬ ‫خامد‬ , ‫دد‬ ‫ابدبمحميد‬ ‫ديد‬ ‫بمسد‬ ‫ددد‬ ‫ابدبموبحد‬ ‫ددان‬ ‫,جييد‬ ‫محمدددد‬ ‫دددين‬ ‫بمد‬ ‫ددى‬ ‫محد‬ ‫ددد‬ ‫محمد‬ , ‫دددبمماد‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫ددوبى‬ ‫ند‬ ‫ددد‬ ‫محمد‬ , ‫دددبمبطيف‬ ‫ابد‬ ‫ود‬ ‫محد‬ , ‫مصدطفى‬ ‫ادز‬ ‫,مصدطفى‬ ‫بمددين‬ ‫شديا‬ ‫بمددين‬ ‫مدا‬ , ‫ع‬ ‫جم‬ ‫بمدين,ابدبمسي,‬ ‫نو‬ , ‫ادا‬ ‫يف,سدامى‬ ‫ش‬ ‫أبدو‬ ‫دطفى‬ ‫,مصد‬ ‫جدودب‬ ‫ادادل‬ , ‫بي,‬ ‫ابددبم‬ ‫د‬ ‫مسد‬ , ‫شد‬ ‫ش‬ ‫صدفاض‬ ‫محمدد‬ , ‫دا‬ ‫حند‬ ‫دل‬ ‫نبيد‬ , ‫جد‬ ‫د‬ ‫جد‬ ‫دى‬ ‫موسد‬ , ‫دود‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫دل‬ ‫خ...