Background and Objective: Sore throat is a common and unpleasant complication of anesthesia which often occurs after the extubation. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two pharyngeal packing methods (wet pack with saline and wet pack with 1% of Lidocaine) on postoperative sore throat after the nasal surgery. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients aged between 18-70 years with ASA I-II-III who were candidates for elective nasal surgery and categorized in two groups were enrolled in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. In the first group dampened gauze with 10 cc/kg was used for pharyngeal packing. Patients underwent general anesthesia with a similar method and after intubation, pharyngeal pack was placed with Magill forceps and in the end of operation before extubation was removed. Amount of sore throat, coughing, odynophagia, hoarseness, laryngeal spasm, nausea, and vomiting were assessed and compared after the extubation. Results: There weren't any significant differences between groups in term of weight, height, sex, age, duration of surgery, and type of surgery (p=0.194). Also there wasn't significant difference in sore throat between the lidocaine and placebo group. Conclusions: There wasn't any significant difference in sore throat between two groups of Lidocaine and placebo.

Background & Objectives: Post-operative shivering is a common problem following the increased oxygen consumption leading to some other problems such as intracranial and intraocular pressure, and post operation pain. The goal of this study was comparing the effect of Pethedine (Meperidine) and Dexamethasone on prevention of shivering during the simple urological surgeries. Material and Methods: This double blind clinical trial study-was performed on 120 patients who were candidates for simple urologic surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two different groups including those who were received Dexamethasone (D) and Pethedine (P). After pre medication using the Midazolam, Lidocaine, and Fentanyl, similar anesthetic induction was done by injection of Dexamethasone (8mg) and Pethedine (25mg) to the groups D and P, respectively. All the patients were controlled for visible shivering in recovery. Results: There were not any significant differences between two mentioned groups in the case of weight, age, and duration of surgery. Only nine cases (15%) in group D had post-operative shivering. Whereas, twenty six cases in group P (44.3%) had shivering and the difference between 2 groups was significant (P value =0.002). Conclusion: Pethedine and Dexamethasone are effective drugs for the prevention of post-operative shivering in simple urologic surgery. The effect of Dexamethasone in preventing the post-operative shivering was better than Pethidine.

Background and Objectives: General anesthesia and surgery are the Cause of various physiological disorders in different organs of patients, giving rise to different complications during recovery of the patient. Emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation may be associated with tracheal stimulation ,leading to cough and hemodynamic changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of remifentanil infusion with maintenance dose on symptoms such as cough and hemodynamic changes after general anesthesia. Methods and Materials: In a double-blind clinical trial study, 60 patients underwent discectomy surgery with general anesthesia,were divided into the control group and remifentanil receiving group during emergence from anesthesia. At the end of surgery, remifentanil infusion was discontinued in the control group and in remifentanil receiving group with / ٠ 15μg/kg/min continued until extubation. Blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured. Results: During the emergence, mean blood pressure and heart rate of remifentanil group 5 minutes after extubation, were significantly lower than those of control group. Oxygen saturation in remifentanil group was significantly higher at 5th minutes after extubation in the comparison with the control group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of cough in patients of both groups. Time awakening from anesthesia was significantly longer in the control group. Conclusions: Maintain a low dose of remifentanil infusion during emergence from anesthesia decreased hemodynamic changes without delay of awakening time significantly.