Background Breast self-examination is the most important behaviour for early breast cancer detection. Aim The aim of the study was to measure the effectiveness of utilizing a health belief model on knowledge, beliefs, and behaviour of visually impaired women toward breast self-examination. A quasi-experimental design (pre/posttest) was utilized in the current study. Setting At Al Nour Wal Amal Association for visually impaired women in Cairo governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 42 visually impaired women was included in the study. Three tools were used for the purpose of data collection 
(I): Structured interviewing knowledge questionnaire; 
(II): breast self-examination checklist; and 
(III): health beliefs assessment scale. Results The findings revealed a highly statistically significant difference in visually impaired women's total knowledge, total practice, and total health beliefs scores for breast self-examination before and after the program. The women's total knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs improved in the posttest compared to the pretest. Conclusion The study results concluded that there was an improvement in knowledge, practice, and health beliefs regarding breast self-examination among visually impaired women after program implementation, which emphasized that educational program based on health beliefs model have a significant positive effect in improving women’s knowledge, practice, and health beliefs toward breast self-examination. It is recommended to establish educational programs to raise awareness about breast cancer and breast self-examination among visually impaired women through special schools and community associations. Community health nurses play a crucial role in educating women about breast self-examination and they are in a unique position to raise breast cancer awareness, especially among at-risk groups.

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Background: Blackboard learning management systems enables higher educational institutions to promote blended learning, give resources for distance learners, and incorporate technology into traditional lecture-based courses. The Aim: of present study was to assess attitude and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students in Cairo University toward usage of blackboard learning management system. Subject and Method: An exploratory cross-sectional research design was utilized to fulfil the aim of this study. The study was conducted at faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt. A stratified random sample of 1000 undergraduate nursing students were included in the study. Data were collected using one tool includes three parts. Results: The study revealed a positive attitude and neutral satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students toward blackboard learning management system. Conclusion:The study concluded that, students' attitude and satisfaction have a significant impact in the results of teaching and learning. Recommendations: It is recommended to perform more training programs to improve usability of Blackboard among students, also this study should be replicated with a larger sample size and in different settings for generalization of results.

Introduction In Egypt, diabetic foot ulcers markedly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Accurately predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulcers could dramatically reduce the enormous burden of amputation. Objective The aim of this study is to design an artificial intelligence-based artificial neural network and decision tree algorithms for the prediction of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods A case–control study design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. The study was conducted at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrine Glands, Cairo University Hospital, Egypt. A purposive sample of 200 patients was included. The tool developed and used by the researchers was a structured interview questionnaire including three parts: Part I: demographic characteristics; Part II: medical data; and Part III: in vivo measurements. Artificial intelligence methods were used to achieve the aim of this study. Results The researchers used 19 significant attributes based on medical history and foot images that affect diabetic foot ulcers and then proposed two classifiers to predict the foot ulcer: a feedforward neural network and a decision tree. Finally, the researchers compared the results between the two classifiers, and the experimental results showed that the proposed artificial neural network outperformed a decision tree, achieving an accuracy of 97% in the automated prediction of diabetic foot ulcers. Conclusion Artificial intelligence methods can be used to predict diabetic foot ulcers with high accuracy. The proposed technique utilizes two methods to predict the foot ulcer; after evaluating the two methods, the artificial neural network showed a higher improvement in performance than the decision tree algorithm. It is recommended that diabetic outpatient clinics develop health education and follow-up programs to prevent complications from diabetes.

Background:The number of expatriate students has risen dramatically in recent years. Expatriate nursing students face unique challenges that might have a negative influence on their mental health, well-being, and academic performance. Aim: To assess the challenges facing expatriate nursing students at Cairo University and suggest guidelines to overcome these challenges. Design: A descriptive-exploratory design was utilized to fulfil the aim of this study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University. Sample: A convenience sample of 361 expatriate nursing students over a period of one month was included in this study. Tool for data collection: Challenges assessment questionnaire for expatriate nursing students, which consists of three sections: (1) Demographic characteristics of expatriate nursing students; (2) Challenges facing expatriate nursing students; and (3) Students suggested solutions for challenges. Results: Less than half of expatriate nursing students had moderate challenges, more than one-third had few challenges, and less than one-fifth of them had great challenges. A highly statistically significant correlation was found between all challenges' dimensions and total challenges. Conclusion: The most challenging aspects for expatriate nursing students were the academic challenges, followed by the clinical learning environment, and the nutritional challenges, then the sociocultural, psychological, financial, language, and communication challenges, and finally, the administrative challenges. Students suggested solutions to overcome these challenges were the presence of academic advisors for a limited number of students as well as using the English language in presenting the lectures from the faculty members. Recommendations: The current study recommended applying a sociocultural orientation program at the beginning of the educational program, aiming to raise students' awareness about the challenges that they may face, providing information about the available and needed resources, and lastly, providing periodic follow-up for their academic achievement by a selected group of the academic staff.