Neonatal asphyxia can cause renal perfusion and dilution disorders and also glomerular filtration abnormality. The purpose of this study was to find renal dysfunction, which caused by neonatal asphyxia. The study was performed by cross sectional for newborn babies with asphyxia based on Apgar score in the first minute. Newborn babies without asphyxia were as control. In both group, the first micturition times were recorded, total urine output in 24 hours were counted, the mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level value examined and also glomerular filtration rate. Statistical analysis has been performed by using Fisher Exact test, Student t test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. All of babies in the asphyxiated and non asphyxiated group had the first micturition in 24 hours after delivery. Significant difference of oliguria incidence was found in the asphyxiated group compared to the control group (p<0,05). The mean of blood urea and creatinine serum level was significantly higher in asphyxiated (p<0,05). The mean of glomerular filtration rate in the asphyxiated group was not significantly different to the control group (p>0,05). According to the degree of asphyxia we found significantly different of renal dysfunction (p<0,05). It was concluded that the asphyxia could cause the occurrence of renal dysfunction.
Rerata awitan pubertas pada anak perempuan terjadi pada usia 11 tahun dengan rentang usia antara 8-13 tahun. Awitan pubertas didapati berbeda pada anak perempuan yang tinggal di perkotaan dan pedesaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata awitan pubertas pada anak perempuan perkotaan dan pedesaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional study pada murid perempuan Sekolah Dasar Al-Azhar Kotamadya Medan (perkotaan) dan murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri Nomor 050577 Binjai (pedesaan). Dilakukan pemeriksaan tingkat perkembangan payudara pada kedua subyek berdasarkan skala Tanner. Analisis statistik menggunakan Student t-test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05. Diantara sampel pada 99 anak, awitan pubertas pada anak perempuan perkotaan pada usia 8, 9, 10, 11, dan 12 tahun berturut turut 12,1%; 23,2%; 33,3%; 27,3%; dan 4,0% dengan rentang usia 8-12 tahun. Pada anak perempuan pedesaan pubertas didapatkan pada usia 9, 10, 11, 12, dan 14 tahun berturut-turut 1,0%; 13,1%; 30,3%; 29,3%; dan 7,1% dengan rentang usia 9 -14 tahun. Rerata usia awitan pubertas pada anak perempuan perkotaan 9,88 + 1,07 dan pada anak perempuan pedesaan 11,74 + 1,16 tahun. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara rerata awitan pubertas anak perempuan perkotaan dan pedesaan, demikian pula antara status gizi antara anak perempuan perkotaan dan pedesaan. Kesimpulan, awitan pubertas lebih cepat dialami anak perkotaan dibanding anak perempuan pedesaan.Kata kunci: pubertas, skala tanner,tingkat maturitas kelamin (TMK)
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