This study investigates the direct effects of purchase intention and consumer confidence towards halal product actual purchase based on Theory of Planned behavior (TPB). Four antecedents of actual purchase are identified: purchase intention (4 items), consumer confidence (7 items), perceived behavioral control (7 items), subjective norm (7 items) and actual purchase (8 items). Using primary data collection method, 200 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents comprising of international graduate students studying at five universities in Malaysia. The responses collected were 120 completed questionnaires representing 60% percent response rate. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 18. This study proposes four direct causal effects and two mediating effects in the structural model. The findings indicate that the TPB is a valid model in the prediction of actual purchase of halal products. Goodness of fit for the revised structural model shows adequate fit. Two of the hypotheses are substantiated: subjective norm is found to be positively related to confidence (β= 0.400, CR=2.302, P<0.021), and perceived behavioral control was also positively related to the intention (β= 0.831, CR=3.958, P<0.001). The paper extends the understanding of TPB to newly emerging contexts such as halal products usage intentions and confidence.

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It is not sufficient to depend on education institutions' traditional systems and curriculums only then on real cases based on real-life work and applying any new techniques in its curriculum. It is important to note that the human resources motivation system has a great impact on the effectiveness of institutions. Schools, universities should focus more on building human resources management (HRM) concepts and understanding. This paper aims to identify the factors that play a major role in HRM in both the public and private sectors. The paper is based on the continued discussions regarding the topic of this paper. It is provided a comprehensive look at the motivation factor as a vital element among HRM factors. The findings provided by this paper attempt to provide an understanding of the motivation factors that affecting human resource management in today's world. Based on reviewing the related manuscripts in order to achieve the study's intended purpose and providing confirmation findings for this study, the study findings and conclusions are presented. However, still the nature of organizations job will always play the essential key for HR specialists for him to decide on the proper motivation system. The study reported that social security, insurance, appropriate working conditions, equipped workplace, the possibility to improve constantly are found to be the most effective motivating means. On contrary, the least effective motivating means are onetime payout prescribed, awards, bonuses, nominal gift.

This article takes the nonlinear differential equation model as an example and uses information technology to create a new course teaching model. The computing software Maple is effectively applied to the precise solution of nonlinear differential equations through the analysis of examples. The overall goal and specific implementation of the teaching plan to integrate ordinary differential equations and information technology have been completed. The study found that the teaching plan proposed in the article is assisted by information technology, with teachers and students participating in an interactive and exploratory teaching method. This method is worthy of further promotion.