<p class="Abstract">This research introduces the analysis and design of Class E-LCCL for capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. The CPT Class-E LCCL system is able to operate at high-frequency with decreased capacitance plate size and at reduced power losses by minimising switching losses. Additionally, the design of a CPT Class-E LCCL power amplifier is less complicated, since it is usually lighter and smaller with comparative intolerance to different circuit variants; hence, enabling the possibility of miniaturising the system. In this work, the capability of the CPT Class-E LCCL CPT system powered by 24 V DC supply voltage while operating at 1 MHz was analysed via experimental works and extensive simulation. Lastly, a CPT Class-E LCCL system prototype was built, generating 10 W output power via a 0.1 cm air gap at a near-perfect efficiency level of 96.68%. These findings could be beneficial for household apparatus, medical implants, and charging consumer electronics.</p>

This paper presents the real time robustness test using intelligent fuzzy based controller in extraction process of essential oil is discussed in this study. Previous finding shows that the quality of the essential oil is affected by the steam temperature that acts as the control variable in this study. The robustness test is applied to the system during running process to show the system is robust to any operation conditions t make sure the controller is able to give a smooth control output response. The dynamic performance of the system are represented by applying  standard performance criteria such as rise time Tr, settling time Ts, overshoot <em>%OS</em>, root mean square error (RMSE) and time on recovering load disturbance. Generally, the objectives in designing the controllers have been achieved because all intelligent fuzzy based controllers capable to regulate the desired set point by acting on the change in the output compared with the set point.

In this work, the optimum zero voltage switching (ZVS) of Class E-LCCL capacitive power transfer (CPT) was determined via frequency tuning method. Through this an efficient system can be guanranteed although there is a change in the capacitive plates distance. This study used a Class-E LCCL inverter, as it can operate at a high alternate current frequency, besides producing low switching losses and minimal power losses. Specifically, this study conducted simulations and experiments to analyse the performance of an LCCL CPT System at 1 MHz operating frequency and 24 V DC supply voltage. Using an air gap distance of 0.1 cm, the designed CPT system prototype successfully achieved an output power of 10W and an efficiency of 95.45%. This study also found that by tuning the resonant frequency of the Class E-LCCL system, the optimum ZVS can be obtained although capacitive plate distance was varied from 1-3 cm via experimental. The results of this study could benefit medical implant and portable device development, consumer electronics, and environments that involve electrical hazards.

Providing sustainable water supply is a huge challenge for Malaysia whereby the residential areas are still equipped with the conventional water meter with lack of monitoring options. In order to detect the locations of internal leakage, the process requires costly plumber service while manual comparison may be inaccurate and time-consuming. Therefore, digitalization transformation aligned with the industrial revolution IR 5.0 is crucial especially with the recent occurrences of high water bills reports during the movement control order (MCO). The objectives of this project is to develop an intelligent water flow monitoring system using Arduino as a microcontroller and to construct a system that can monitor the water usage behaviour at any distant with internet of thing (IoT). It can be installed anywhere in a pipeline whereby the water flow sensor measures the real-time water parameters. The data transferred to the cloud are sent to the homeowner to display the accuracy and availability of their water system via Blynk, a mobile-compatible and user-friendly application that generates clear data visualization. The key goal of this project is to provide a wireless, mobile, economical and systematic solution for residents to self-monitor their water consumption as compared to the conventional manual monitoring.

This paper presents an alternative approach to power up unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system using inductive approach. The main issue of utilizing UAV in any application especially in precision agriculture is the lifetime of the battery. This limits the flight time of the UAV which makes the system is unable to be efficiently applied for precision agriculture purpose. Hence, this paper proposes a new approach of powering UAV system by using so called inductive power transfer (IPT) technology. Through this approach, the system can be powered up wirelessly with no physical link in between transmitter and receiver. To be specific, class E inverter circuit has been designed together with impedance matching circuit to ensure higher efficiency is obtained. Finally, a prototype of IPT system for powering up the UAV system was successfully developed, which is able to transmit 23.32 W of power at 1 MHz operating frequency from 12 V input supply. The system achieved up to 95.73% efficiency.