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<p>Artificial lighting consumed significant amount of electrical energy in commercial buildings. Therefore, intelligent control strategies are widely implemented to reduce the lighting energy consumption. This paper presents comprehensive review of the current sensing-based strategies (i.e. occupancy, daylight and mixed), sensors placement methods (i.e. occupancy and light) and factors affecting the performance of the lighting control strategies. Based on literature survey, the sensors placement methods can be categorized into three approaches: fixed, mathematical equation and optimization. The state-of-the-art of these approaches are discusses in details. It found that, the optimization-based approach capable to find the optimal sensor placement (numbers and positions) effectively. Moreover, the mixed strategy can be produced the highest energy savings up to 95% compared with other strategies. The occupancy pattern and building characteristics are the main factors to contribute higher energy savings of sensing-based strategies in commercial buildings.  </p>

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Abstract. Lighting system is an important sub-system in office buildings. A good design can contribute energy saving and visual comfort to occupants. This paper presents a comparison of lighting system design according to different standards: European Standard EN12464-1 and Malaysian Standard MS1525 in terms of average illuminance level and illuminance uniformity. In the design, the illuminance measurement is according to the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) and the European Standard EN12464-1. Three types of luminaires are considered which are: T8, T5 and light emitting diode (LED) lamps. The technical and economic evaluations are taken into account in this paper. The technical evaluations are considered the number of luminaires, average illuminance level and illuminance uniformity. The energy consumption (EC) and lighting energy numeric indicator (LENI) are considered according to the European Standard EN15193. Meanwhile, the economic evaluation involves billings and luminaires costs and billing savings. The case study is an office room and it is modelled and simulated using DIALux software. The results show that the design according to the European Standard EN12464-1 with uniformity based method that used T5 lamps had contributed to the highest number of luminaires and costs. Whereas, the design according to the Malaysian Standard MS1525 with illuminance level based method that used LED lamps had contributed to the lowest number of luminaires and costs. Thus it can provide the higher billing savings. It can be concluded the LED has great potential to replace T8 and T5 lamps.

Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.<em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.</span></em>