this study is aimed at determining the effect of takraw ball modification on the learning outcomes of sepak takraw service. This is used in learning physical education of sports and health in schools in Pontianak City. The research method used is experimental method with true experimental design. The data source of this research is a school with a population of 259 students and made up of 7 classes. The sample used 37 students as control class and 37 students as experimental class using purposive sampling. Data analysis was done by computerized system and analysis done by using t-test. The result of data analysis shows that the result of t-test on the control and experimental class is obtained as p value 0.000 <0.05 so Ho is rejected (Ha accepted) means that there is a significant improvement after treatment, where the difference of mean value in the experimental class (34.5) is greater than in the control class (16.0). The conclusion in the study shows that there is a significant effect of using the ball modification on the learning result of sepak takraw service.

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the effect of the side rake angle in the medium carbon steel flat turning process on the flank wear of the HSS cutting tool. This research was conducted using a PL 1000 lathe, cutting speed (Vc) 24 m/min, cutting depth 0.25 mm, feeding motion 0.26 mm/r, using an HSS cutting tool with side rake angle variations (γo) 120, 180, 250. Flank wear was measured using the Toolmaker Microscope with an accuracy of 0.005 mm, a clearance of 25 mm, and a magnification of 15 times. The results showed that the increase in side rake angle in the medium carbon steel flat lathe process tended to result in an increase in the flank wear of the HSS cutting tool. The large side cutting angle (250) has the highest wear value of 0.55 mm. The lowest wear value occurs at an angle of 120 with a wear of 0.49 mm.