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There are many known problems in water cooling systems in the industrial applications such as corrosion, scale, fouling, microbiological growth, etc. Not only the same problems are expected in the cooling system of internal combustion engines but also the water leakage from cylinder liners or cylinder head to the combustion chamber has to be considered especialy if the liner pitting is the reason. In the present paper the effect of magnetic field on the engine cooling water and engine material is investigated.To compare the effectiveness of the magnetic field, the experiments were conducted at different magnetic intensities. Two different mechanisms to apply magnetic effect were compared to other treatment methods which are used commercially in the market such as anti freeze and anticorrosion fluids and systems.The magnetic devices showed an effective impact on reducing cavitation or liner pitting because of lowering surface tension of water. It showed also a noticable effect on the total hardness and pH which reduced scale, corrosion and the total suspended solids.

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In this study, a newly developed flame holder was investigated experimentally in the presence of two air sources applied to the combustion zone. The flame holder is a double cone holder with three fuel ports in the top cone to convey fuel to the combustion zone. Three coaxial pipes were used to transport air and fuel to the combustion zone. The outer pipe conveyed the secondary air with a velocity (𝐕 𝟏 ) of 6.34 m/s while the primary air was conveyed with the middle pipe with a velocity (𝐕 𝟐 ) of 7.1 m/s, 15.3 m/s, and 19.9 m/s. The inner pipe was used to convey fuel to the flame holder and hence to the combustion zone. The experiment was carried out using the diffusion flame principle in a still air environment at atmospheric conditions. The flame temperature, length, width, and emissions were first studied in the presence of primary air only, and then in the presence of both primary and secondary air. The results showed that the flame temperature, flame length, flame width, and emissions were all affected when secondary air was applied to the combustion zone alongside primary air.

In this study, a new developed flame holder which is designed as a double cone with three holes at the top cone to spout the fuel to the combustion zone has been investigated experimentally. The air and fuel have been supplied to the combustion area through a triple coaxial pipe.The inner pipe of the coaxial pipe delivers fuel, while the middle and outside pipes deliver primary and secondary air to the combustion zone, respectively. A conversion diversion channel is constructed on the primary air output to optimize air and fuel mixing by increasing turbulence in the primary air. The experiment was carried out in still air under atmospheric circumstances, using the diffusion flame concept.The results showed that mixing secondary and primary air in the combustion zone had an effect on flame temperatures, flame length, flame width, and emissions.