Reinforced concrete shear walls with features such as high stiffness, good performance in earthquakes, ductility, and high bearing capacity in earthquake-prone regions are widely used as convenient and reliable structural systems in medium-and high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. However, due to architectural limitations, the use of opening in shear walls is unavoidable. Fiber-reinforced polymer sheets with unique structural characteristics and easy implementation have been used in recent years for rehabilitating concrete structures, especially shear walls. In this study, using the finite element method, the effect of openings with different sizes and locations in reinforced concrete shear walls was studied. The effect of retrofitting specimens with openings by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets with different patterns and thicknesses on the structural behavior of shear walls was also investigated. According to the results, opening reduced the bearing capacity, energy absorption capacity, and stiffness but increased wall displacement. Different reinforcement patterns and different thicknesses of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets had different effects on improved structural behavior of shear walls. Reinforcement with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets is one of the effective ways to rehabilitate concrete shear walls with opening.

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The main objective of the present paper was the evaluation of the program of the self help groups in the Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamadan and Western Azerbaijan in Iran. The Casual-comparative research method has been used in this research and statistical population was all the women members of SHG and Non-Member of SHG. The statistical samples were included 289 the women members of SHG (137) and Non-Member of SHG (152) due to the size of the population, more than /90 of population has been selected. Three different research instrument have been used which are included Demographic features questionnaire, Questionnaire of the evaluation of the self help groups' empowerment, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The reliability of the questionnaire of the evaluation of the self help groups' empowerment was /80 and General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was /92. According to the research results, there are significant relationship between the amount of the financial independence, self confidence, the decision making power and the amount of the awareness of women members of SHG and NonMember of SHG. Also, there were no significant relationship between the amount of cutting dependency to direct financial supports and mental health the women members of SHG and Non-Member of SHG.

Background: Marital adjustment has a positive effect on the physical and mental health of family members. The purpose of this study was to explain the process of marital adjustment in Iranian women. Methods: This research is based on qualitative data analysis using the grounded theory method. Theoretical and purposeful sampling was used for data collection. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation. A total of 15 women from Ahvaz participated in the semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin comparative method. Results: By open coding, 17 primary codes, and axial coding, 9 major themes, related to marital adjustment were obtained. Marital adjustment: An incentive to maintain marital life were extracted as the central category influenced by contextual, causal, and confounding conditions. Contextual conditions include emotional bonding with parents and spouse. Causal conditions are an emphasis on self and relationship with another and how to express self in the relationship. Interfering conditions include a relationship with the main family, spouse, and social comparison. Strategies include defense mechanisms and empathy. The consequences of marital adjustment were also the sense of security and comfort. Conclusion: Marital adjustment can be considered in curing marital maladjustment and conflicts and help therapists to have a better understanding of marital dynamics.