As a ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur due to an increase in sinkage and trim. Squat is a crucial factor that restricts ship navigation in shallow water. A new division of the Suez Canal, the New Suez Canal, recently opened for international navigation. It is important to obtain accurate prediction data for ship squat to minimise the risk of grounding in this canal.To provide guidance for shipping in canals a series of experiments was conducted on a model scale of the Kriso Container Ship (KCS). The squat of the KCS was examined by measuring its sinkage and trim. A wide range of water depth to ship draft ratios at various ship speeds was investigated. Additionally, the blockage effect was studied by varying the canal width, and deep water tests were performed. The results indicated that for Froude's number based on depth (Fnh) below 0.4, measured squat value do not change with either Fnh or depth to draft ratio (H/T). The squat increases with H/T values for Froude numbers higher than 0.4. Moreover, a canal with reduced width had a negligible effect on squat, suggesting that the next segment of the Suez Canal can be built to a narrower width.

In international shipping, there are several waterways that are widely viewed as bottlenecks. Among these is the Suez Canal, where recent expansions have taken place. Although the Suez Canal has a high importance in international shipping, little research has been carried out in maximising the number of ships capable of traversing for a set period of time. The present study aims to examine hydrodynamic phenomena of ships advancing through the Suez Canal in the allowed speed range to determine the relative effects of the canal depth and /or width restrictions on the overall ship sailing performance. A rectangular canal is also included as a reference to gauge the effects of varying canal cross-section. The present study combines experimental, numerical, analytical and empirical methods for a holistic approach in calm water. As a case-study, the KCS hullform is adopted, and analysed experimentally, via Computational Fluid Dynamics, using the slender body theory, and empirical formulae. The results reveal strong coupling between the canal's cross section and all examined parameters.

A new division of the Suez Canal in Egypt, termed the New Suez Canal, was opened for international navigation in August 2015. It is therefore important to ensure the safety of ships navigating this new section of the canal. Measures to avoid grounding and/or drifting to the canal banks are necessary. Additionally, accurate prediction data for ship squat and under keel clearance is crucial. This paper presents the results of experimental work carried out at the Kelvin Hydrodynamic Laboratory at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, to study the effect of trim on containership sailing characteristics in shallow waters using Kriso Container Ship (KCS) model. A series of model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, sinkage variations with speed, water depth and loading conditions under different trimming angles at 1:75 scale. The objective of this work is to examine the range of ship trim for safe and efficient sailing in restricted water in both depth and width. The study also aimed to provide data to be used in validating numerical computations to be carried on the same type of vessel to detect the best trim angle for ships during sailing in restricted waters to reduce resistance and therefore fuel consumption. For depth Froude numbers higher than 0.4, the results show that the ship model sinkage is less for aft trim than for level trim or forward trim. Concurrently, it can be observed that there is less water resistance for aft trim than for forward trim, albeit level trim shows the least resistance. The test was conducted for one value of model draft which was 0.144 m. Side bank effect were also examined.