Objective Patients with Complex the Dyspnoea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, Acidaemia, and atrial Fibrillation (DECAF) scores prolong the hospital stay of patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method Patients admitted to respiratory wards in tertiary care hospital, Baluchistan with COPD between June 2016 to September, 2015 were prospectively reviewed and DECAF score applied to each patient. Duration of hospitalization was then correlated with total DECAF scores. Result Out of 118 total admissions, 103 were reviewed as 15 patients died. 71% were male, mean age was 69.6 years and average of 15 days of hospitalization. The duration was longest in those with DECAF scores of 3-5 and lowest in those with scores of 0-1. Conclusion The DECAF Score is a simple and effective clinical tool that can risk stratify hospitalized patients with COPD and could therefore help clinicians managing this fatal condition.

Objectives: To measure the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA); in total joint arthroplastyin terms of reducing post-operative blood loss.Methods: A retrospective cohort study in which patients who had underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) and TKA between 2010-2018 in a single tertiary center. Those had received TXA (group 1) and those who had received no-TXA (group 2) were evaluated. Unpaired student's t-test was used to compare TXA and no-TXA groups for continuous variables and Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 385 patients were included, 180 patients received TXA, and 205 patients received no-TXA. Post-operative blood loss was significantly less in TXA group (13.41±9.51, p<0.001). Total drainage output was significantly lower in TXA group compared to no-TXA (373.98±246.12 vs. 487.11±307.13 mL, p<0.001). Blood transfusion units were significantly less in TXA group than in the control group (20 units; 11.1% vs. 50 units; 24.4%, p<0.001). Conclusion:Tranexamic acid use in TKA and THA is effective in reducing post-operative blood loss in terms of drop in Hg level, total drainage output and blood transfusion rate.