Objective Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been widely accepted as a diagnostic safe method for preoperative assessment of salivary gland lesions. This diagnostic tool is inexpensive, easy to perform, relatively painless and it provides useful information to differentiate between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors that helps in the management and surgical planning. This study was undertaken to compare FNAC results with permanent histopathological findings of salivary gland tumors in order to assess its diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods A total of 37 archived salivary gland FNAC specimens collected between January 2001 and January 2018 were correlated with proven histopathology findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. False negative and false positive cases were determined. Results There were 20 female and 17 male patients. Parotid tumors count for 62.2% and submandibular tumors 37.8%. All cases of malignancy on FNAC were proven to be malignant on the final pathology findings. All cases that were suspicious for malignancy on FNAC were proven to be malignant as well. In addition, three false negative cases were seen and no false positive cases among all FNAC cases. In our series, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 57.1%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 91.4%. Conclusion This study demonstrated that FNA cytology of the salivary gland is a useful technique for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Insufficient cellularity was the most important factor that resulted in incorrect cytological interpretation.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, especially in women. Non palpable nodules are often found when patients undergo diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonogra­phy and computed tomography of the chest and neck. This retrospective study to assess the Prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule related to gender, age, and pathology, in Aseer Central Hospital KSA. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">During a 5-year period (2011–2016), the medical records of 319 patients with thyroid nodules were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, and the pathological result. All patients underwent hemi or total thyroidectomy. Comparisons between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Over a period of 5 years, a total of 319 patients: male 17.2% and female 82.8% Underwent for hemi or total thyroidectomy. The age of presentation was ranging from 14 to 80 years. Among the 319 cases of thyroid nodules 73.7% were benign nodules and 26.3% malignant nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in 72.6%, follicular thyroid carcinoma 10.6%, Hurthle cell carcinoma 4.8%, anaplastic carcinoma 4.8%, thyroid lymphoma 4.8% and medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2.4%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem and the proportion of such nodules that prove to be malignant is not small, investigations are of immense help to corroborate with the clinical and morphological finding. Papillary thyroid carcinoma most common malignant thyroid carcinoma followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma, hurthel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and finally medullary thyroid Carcinoma. No significant different between male and female as risk factors for malignancy.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Neck masses are a common complaint in children worldwide, and constitute a major indication for surgical consultation in many pediatric surgical centers. Most of the neck masses in children are benign in their nature and clinical course. The broad spectrum of etiology of neck masses that ranged from congenital benign to acquired neoplastic lesions is varied and related to multiple factors. This retrospective study was done with the objective to assess the distribution of neck masses related to gender, age, pathology, and anatomical location of neck masses in Aseer Central Hospital. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Medical records of 62 patients with neck masses were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, the type of origin tissue, the type of lesion, and the anatomical location. Comparison between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software. We exclude thyroid, parathyroid and salivary gland masses.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Over a period of 5 years, a total of 62 patients 53.2% and women 46.8% had neck masses resected for pathological assessments. The age of presentation was ranging from 1 to 14 years. 22.6% developed in (from 1 years to 5 years old), 38.7% developed in (6 to 10 years), and 38.7% developed, in (11 to 14 years). The histopathological diagnosis of the neck masses were congenital 40.3%, inflammatory 33.9%, and malignant tumor 25.8%. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The differential diagnosis of the pediatric neck mass includes a wide array of congenital, inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. The exact diagnosis may only be obtained by histopathological examination. In our study the most common masses in pediatric patient thyroglossal duct cyst, all midline masses are congenital.</span></p>

BACKGROUND Otitis media (OM) is a very common childhood problem. It is inflammation of the middle ear usually caused by viral or bacterial infection. Otitis media is a main cause of antibiotic use in children. The primary treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) is watchful waiting: 80% of cases resolve without intervention. Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific region, and Africa have the highest prevalence of OM. Prevalence studies on OM are scant in Saudi Arabia. Only a few studies have been conducted in some cities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and health-seeking practices of parents with regard to OM. METHODS A national study was conducted September 19, 2018–October 9, 2018 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an electronic online questionnaire. It was culturally adopted, validated, and translated into Arabic. Items on the questionnaire included demographics, knowledge, attitude, and health practices about ear infection among parents of children <5 years old. The calculated representative sample size of the Saudi population was 9600 individuals (95% confidence interval and 1% margin of error). The aim was for 10,000 responses. Stratified sampling was used with each administrative area considered as independent strata. Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel software (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). Data were coded, grouped, arranged, and cleaned. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 23.0; Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation) was used for data analysis. RESULTS This study included 10,004 participants. Most were females. The mean age was 37.93 years (standard deviation, 10.20 years). Overall, 81.9% of parents were knowledgeable about ear infection. Parents who were knowledgeable about ear infections were significantly older (P = .005), female (P < .001), had a higher education level (P < .001), were married (P < .001), had a monthly income of 10,000–20,000 Saudi riyals (P < .001), and lived in the Al-Baha region (P < .001). The scores of 90.0% of parents indicated they had a good attitude about ear infection; and 58.6% of parents believed that ignorance is why children do not go to a healthcare facility for ear infection treatment. Parents with positive overall health practices represent 81.2%. Parents with good health practices were significantly associated with female sex (P = .009), higher education level (P < .001), being married (P < .001), a monthly income of 5000–1000 Saudi riyals (SR; P < .001), and living in the Al-Baha region (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge, attitude, and health-seeking practices in Saudi Arabia were overall adequate. However, more integrated educational materials are needed for the general population. The development of a broad national awareness program, especially in low socioeconomic areas, could significantly contribute to the early detection and management of OM.