Introduction: The present study was aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics of female breast cancer and explore its main risk factors in Sulaymaniyah city, the Kurdistan region of Iraq.Material and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah, the Kurdistan region of Iraq from 2012-2014 in two hospitals. The study sample consisted of 150 women with breast cancer and 150 healthy women. Required data including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, medical history, and reproductive factors were collected using a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews.Results: The mean age of the cases and controls was 47.89±10.98 and 47.38±10.87 years respectively. Low level of education was a risk factor for breast cancer, such that breast cancer was significantly less prevalent among women with university education than those with lower education (P=0.001). The likelihood of developing breast cancer in women with a positive family history of cancer was significantly higher (P=0.003). Also, women with rural residency, unemployment, low income, early age of menopause, multigravida (+3), history of abortion, duration of feeding the first and second babies, and obesity were at a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer (P<0.05).Conclusion: The Kurdish women in Iraq, develop breast cancer at age range of 40-50 years. Women with low level of education, a positive family history of cancer, rural residency, unemployment, low income, multigravida (+3), history of abortion, and obesity need to be taken into special consideration in order to diagnose breast cancer early and adopt appropriate interventions.

Prostate cancer is prevalent among men aged over 65 and has been reported as the fourth most common cause of mortality of males all over the world. In addition to age, family history, and race, there are some lifestyle features such as diet, obesity, alcohol, and smoking are believed to play a role in its development. The present study was carried out in order to examine the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients identify predictive factors for development of resistance to hormonal therapy. The present retrospective cohort study was carried out on 150 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at Hiwa Cancer hospital in Sulaimania, Iraqi Kurdistan over the period of 2009-2014. Required data were collected using face-to-face or phone interviews using a questionnaire and the patients’ hospital records. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Pearson’s Chi-square test through SPSS 20.0.

Background: Due to the stability and economic development in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, increase in the number of traffic crashes has been one of the serious challenges that local authorities have faced with. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of road traffic accidents (RTAs), road traffic injuries (RTIs), and their causes in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted based on the data collected from the Health Directorate/ MOH and the Traffic Department/ Ministry of Interior in Sulaimaniyah. A questionnaire was also used to collect required data from RTA casualties who were admitted to Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital during a 6-month period from January first till the end of June 2014. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Based on the results obtained from Sulaimaniyah Main Emergency Hospital, there were 251 RTA victims in 2014 within the age range of 1 to 81 years. Moreover, RTAs led to the death of 270 and 280 individuals in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The main causes of RTAs were respectively over speeding (33%), the sudden appearance of a vehicle (13.9%), and vehicle slip (10.4%), speeding (48.7%), followed by drowsiness of the drivers (36.9%), and drunken driving (5.6%). Conclusion: In order to reduce RTAs, the overall quality of roads, quality of cars, and general driving skills should be improved. Moreover, for decreasing the rate of crashes inside the city, public transport modes such as tram or train should be prepared.

Background: Hip fracture is considered a major health problem worldwide. The current study aimed to investigate hip fracture characteristics among older people in Iraq and factors involving postoperative mortality.Method: A single cohort study was carried out in Sulaimani and Shar Teaching hospitals in Sulaimani from the 1st of July 2018 to 30th of June 2019.  Hip fracture was diagnosed by a specialist physician using an X-Ray. The data was collected by the researcher through direct interviews and filling a prepared uniform questionnaire. The data analyzed by SPSS and p-value<0.05 was significant.Results: From the total of 100 hip fracture patients included, the average age of patients was 74.45±8.18 years. Fifty-nine patients aged 60 to 75 years, while the rest were older than 75 years. Female consisted of 59.0% of the total samples. Non-mechanical falls accounted for (84%) of all falls. Most patients had intertrochanteric fractures (65%), while 35% had femoral neck fractures. The Proximal femoral nail (PFN) operation was the primary type of operation (77%) performed. Most patients (94%) were discharged after two days. There was a significant association between gender and postoperative mortality; female patients had worse prognosis and higher mortality, relative risk (95%CI) 0.18 (0.0424 to 0.7788). Older patients aged 75 and more had a remarkably poorer prognosis than younger patients, relative risk (95%CI) 0.30 (0.10 to 0.93). There was a strong relationship between poor cognitive function (moderate to severe depression) and postoperative mortality rate with relative risk (95%CI) 0.04 (0.006 to 0.36). Finally, patients on three or more medications also had an outstanding worse prognosis, relative risk (95%CI) 0.022 (0.001 to 0.37). Conclusion: Hip fracture was more common among women and people aged above 75 years. The prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures was nearly double the femoral neck fractures. Age, female, depression, and polypharmacy had a statistically significant association with three-month mortality in hip fracture patients.

Gastric cancer is a disease of elderly patients and mainly metastasis to liver, lung, and peritoneum, while signet ring cell is a variant of gastric cancer and commonly metastasis to peritoneum and lymph nodes. Metastasis to mammary is a rare condition which account for 3% and has poor prognosis. Generally extra mammary carcinoma precedes breast metastasis by 2 years. It's uncommon to have breast metastasis as a first manifestation of extra mammary malignancies. There is no age limit and presentation my mimic primary breast cancer. Due to rarity of this condition there are no consensuses about clinical, radiological and histological features which make it a challenging task to distinguish primary from metastatic breast neoplasm. The case bellow is a young woman with diagnoses of diffuse-signet ring cell gastric cancer. First presentation was right breast edema with ascites, peritoneal nodules, and enlarged enhancing ovaries on imaging. Biopsy from each site confirmed involvement by metastatic adenocarcinoma with signet ring pattern. Her condition progressed after 5th cycle of EOX. Keywords: Gastric cancer, breast metastasis, young ageNidhamalddin et al. / Breast cancer metastasis from Gastric Carcinoma in a young female 2 / 7