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Today, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) have become an interesting research topic for developing Intelligent Transport Systems. In urban environments, vehicles move continuously and at different speeds, which leads to frequent changes in the network topology. The main issue faced in an urban scenario is the performance of routing protocols when delivering data from one vehicle to another. This paper introduces ECRDP, an Efficient Clustering Routing approach using a new clustering algorithm based on Density Peaks Clustering (DPC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). First, the PSO algorithm is applied to determine the cluster heads, or a new fitness function for finding the best solutions is formulated using the DPC algorithm. Next, clustering is performed based on the reliability of links parameter between vehicles. Then, a maintenance phase is proposed to update the cluster heads and redistribute the vehicles in the clusters. Finally, the effectiveness of the suggested scheme is evaluated by a simulation operated by MATLAB on a real urban scenario. The results achieved show an overall increase in stability, proven by a reduction in change rate by 74%, and an improvement in performance indicated by an increase in intracluster throughput by 34% and inter-cluster by 47%, as well as an overall reduction of average delay by 16%.

The high mobility and frequent changes in the network topology remain a great divergence between Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). This makes existing routing protocols for MANET imperfect for a VANET environment. In order to ensure good data transmission between vehicles, it is mandatory to improve these protocols to this new environment. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one of the most proposed reactive protocols in the literature for MANET, but its direct application in VANET returns poor performance results. In this paper, we propose an Efficient Routing Protocol using an improved Distance-Based Broadcasting and Fuzzy Logic System (ERPFL), which is an extension of the AODV routing protocol. In the first, the proposed scheme uses an improved Distance-Based Broadcasting method in route discovery process. Each vehicle selects the most suitable neighbours to send a route request, using different mobility parameters such as distance, velocity and direction. Then, the destination vehicle selects the best route from the most reliable routes received, using the Fuzzy Logic System. Link Expiration Time and Link Reliability Model are considered input metrics for this system. The simulation results show that ERPFL saves network bandwidth resources which contributes to a higher data transmission ratio. In addition, our proposed protocol efficiently distributes data packets, decreases the hop count and reduces network routing time.

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