Three structurally diverse polymers of intrinsic microporosity reversibly adsorb significant quantities of hydrogen (1.4–1.7 % by mass at 77 K) and represent the first examples of a new type of purely organic hydrogen storage material, which can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of hydrogen physisorption.
The challenge of storing hydrogen at high volumetric and gravimetric density for automotive applications has prompted investigations into the potential of cryo-adsorption on the internal surface area of microporous organic polymers. A range of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) has been studied, the best PIM to date (a network-PIM incorporating a triptycene subunit) taking up 2.7% H(2) by mass at 10 bar/77 K. HyperCrosslinked Polymers (HCPs) also show promising performance as H(2) storage materials, particularly at pressures >10 bar. The N(2) and H(2) adsorption behaviour at 77 K of six PIMs and a HCP are compared. Surface areas based on Langmuir plots of H(2) adsorption at high pressure are shown to provide a useful guide to hydrogen capacity, but Langmuir plots based on low pressure data underestimate the potential H(2) uptake. The micropore distribution influences the form of the H(2) isotherm, a higher concentration of ultramicropores (pore size <0.7 nm) being associated with enhanced low pressure adsorption.
Flavonoids are present naturally in many fruits and vegetables including onions, apples, tea, cabbage, cauliflower, berries and nuts which provide us with quercetin, a powerful natural antioxidant and cytotoxic compound. Due to antioxidant property, many nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals products contain quercetin as a major ingredient nowadays. Current review enlightened sources and quercetin’s role as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancerous and anti-inflammatory agent in medical field during last 5 to 6 years. Literature search was systematically done using scientific for the published articles of quercetin. A total of 345 articles were reviewed, and it was observed that more than 40% of articles were about quercetin’s use as an antioxidant agent, more than 25% of studies were about its use as an anticancer agent, and articles on antimicrobial activity were more than 15%. 10% of the articles showed anti-inflamamatory effects of quercetin. Literature search also revealed that quercetin alone and its complexes with chitosan, metal ions and polymers possessed good antidiabetic properties. Thus, the review focuses on new therapeutic interventions and drug delivery system of quercetin in medical field for the benefit of mankind.
The increasing demand of energy expedited the development of efficient photovoltaic materials.Herein, five push‐pull donor materials (D1‐D5) having N,N‐diethylaniline as donor moiety and rhodanine‐3‐acetic as acceptor group are designed to be used as donor molecules in organic solar cells (OSCs). The bridging core modification of recently synthesized MR3 molecule (reference R) has been made with different π‐spacers namely thiazole (B1), thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (B2), thiazolo[5,4‐d] thiazole (B3), 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thiophene (B4) and 5‐(thiazol‐5yl)thiazole (B5). The structure–property relationship is studied and influence of bridging core modifications on photovoltaic, photophysical and electronic properties of D1‐D5 are calculated and compared with reference R.The DFT and TDDFT calculations have been performed for the estimation of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of states (DOS) graphs, reorganization energies of electron and hole, open circuit voltage, photophysical characteristics, transition density matrix (TDM) surfaces and charge transfer analysis.Designed molecules exhibit better and comparable optoelectronic properties than synthesized reference molecules. Among all investigated molecules, D5 is proven as best candidate for OSCs application due to its promising photovoltaic properties including lowest band gap (2.24 eV), small electron mobility (λe=0.0056 eV), small hole mobility (λh=0.0046 eV), low binding energy (Eb=0.21 eV), highest λmax values 610.76 nm (in gas) 670.22 nm (in acetonitrile) and high open circuit voltage (Voc=1.17 V) with respect to HOMOdonor–LUMOPC61BM. This theoretical framework demonstrates that bridging core modification is a simple and effective alternative strategy to achieve the desirable optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, conceptualized molecules are superior and thus are recommended to experimentalist for out‐looking future developments of highly efficient solar cells.
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