This article presents a four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for next-generation millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. The single antenna element of the MIMO systems consists of a T-shaped and plow-shaped patch radiator designed on an ultra-thin Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The dimensions of the single antenna are 10 × 12 mm2. The MIMO system is designed by placing four elements in a polarization diversity configuration whose overall dimensions are 24 × 24 mm2. From the measured results, it is observed that the MIMO antenna provides 9.23 GHz impedance bandwidth ranging from 22.43 to 31.66 GHz. In addition, without the utilization of any decoupling network, a minimum isolation of 25 dB is achieved between adjacent MIMO elements. Furthermore, the proposed MIMO antenna system is fabricated, and it is noted that the simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results. Through the achieved results, it can be said that the proposed MIMO antenna system can be used in 5G mmWave radio frequency (RF) front-ends.

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In Pakistan, hydroelectric power is one of the reliable sources of electricity with a capacity of 8,713 MW, which is 29% of the total energy mix. Hence, with such a vast resource capacity of hydroelectric power, its optimization and dispatch planning will have a great significance. This research work discusses the importance of hydroelectric power generation planning for both storage and run-of-river (ROR) hydropower plants, as well as; a solver-based optimization technique is proposed for the first time to resolve the intricate job of generation planning for hydroelectric power plants in MATLAB. A mathematical-optimization model is also developed, which uses a Mixed-Integer Linear-Programming (MILP) algorithm, based on the objective function of profit maximization, which considers a random varying revenue plan as model input. Three hydropower generators of different capacities and efficiencies are considered for the optimization problem. MILP based solution is proposed for both storage and ROR hydropower plants with two dispatch schedules, i.e., Normal dispatch schedule and optimum dispatch schedule. The objective functions are solved, and the profit (in dollars) from each dispatch schedule is calculated and compared. The preliminary optimization results show an increase of $22,000 and $29,130 in the profit for storage and ROR hydropower plants, respectively, which is 19% more than average income. Hence, ensuring the credibility of the proposed algorithm for maximizing the revenue ($), is aimed to facilitate and assist better planning for electric power producers.

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Nowadays, more attention has been given into ultrawideband by dint of its extraordinary features over narrowband communication systems. This study presents a novel compact with tilted square frames shape antenna with partial ground plane. The proposed antenna is printed on commercially available Fr4 substrate with relative thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna has compact dimensions of 14 × 18 mm2 with bandwidth ranging from 3.3 to 11.5 GHz. The peak gain obtained is 1.4 dBi with omnidirectional radiation characteristics throughout the entire bandwidth. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and the developed prototype measured results, which well agree with simulated results. With the performance parameters obtained and the well agreed measured results, the proposed antenna is well suitable for Wi-Fi, ISM, and UWB applications.